Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Concept of Region or Regional Geography
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Part III: Regional Geography
Concept of Region or Regional Geography
Questions &Answers
1. What is meant by region? Explain the importance of region in geographical study.
Ans: The term “region” refers to a specific part of the Earth’s surface where certain natural or human characteristics show clear similarity. These characteristics may include climate, landforms, soil, vegetation, population, language, culture, or economic activities. Region has special importance in geographical study because it is difficult to study the whole Earth at once.
Therefore, dividing areas with similar characteristics into regions makes the subject easier, enables comparative analysis, and helps in understanding the unique features of different regions. Regional study is an important method of geography.
2. Explain how regions can be identified on the Earth’s surface.
Ans: Regions on the Earth’s surface are identified on the basis of various natural and human-made elements. Natural elements include climate, landforms, soil, vegetation, rivers, etc. Human elements include population density, language, religion, agricultural practices, industries, and trade. Areas where there is significant similarity in these elements are considered as a distinct region. The boundaries of regions are determined with the help of maps, statistical data, and field surveys.
3. Distinguish between homogeneous region and functional region.
Ans: A homogeneous region is a region where certain specific characteristics are uniform. For example, the Sahara Desert region and the Tundra region. These regions have similarity in natural characteristics. A functional region is a region that develops around a central point and is connected through interactions and activities with that center. For example, a city and its surrounding areas. Thus, similarity is important in a homogeneous region, whereas interaction and functional relationships are important in a functional region.
4. What is meant by ‘Regional Geography of the World’? What is its significance?
Ans: ‘Regional Geography of the World’ refers to the analytical study of the natural and human characteristics of different large regions of the Earth. Its significance is:
(a) It helps in understanding the geographical diversity of different parts of the world.
(b) It enables comparison between regions.
(c) It helps in proper utilization of resources and development planning.
5. What is meant by ‘Natural Region’? Into how many natural regions can the whole world be divided? Write their names and show them on a map.
Ans: A natural region refers to a large area of land where there is similarity in climate, vegetation, and soil characteristics. These are mainly based on natural elements. The whole world is generally divided into 6 major natural regions:
1) Equatorial region
2) Monsoon region
3) Tropical grassland region
4) Tropical hot desert region
5) Mediterranean region
6) Cold temperate coniferous forest and tundra region
6. How can knowledge of regional geography of the world be gained through the study of natural regions? Write briefly.
Ans: Through the study of natural regions, one can gain a clear understanding of the characteristics of climate, landforms, soil, vegetation, and natural resources of different parts of the Earth. Since natural elements influence human settlement, livelihood, agriculture, and lifestyle, understanding natural regions helps in easily understanding the regional characteristics of those areas. Thus, the study of natural regions helps in acquiring comprehensive knowledge of the regional geography of the world.
7. Write about the physical environment of each natural region of the world.
Ans: The whole world is generally divided into 6 major natural regions:
1) Equatorial region
2) Monsoon region
3) Tropical grassland region
4) Tropical hot desert region
5) Mediterranean region
6) Cold temperate coniferous forest and tundra region
In the equatorial region, there is high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year. The soil is fertile and dense evergreen forests are found.
In the monsoon region, rainfall occurs in summer and dry conditions prevail in winter. Vegetation such as forests and grasslands are found. It is suitable for agriculture.
In the tropical grassland region, rainfall is seasonal. Extensive grasslands with scattered trees are found.
In the tropical desert region, rainfall is very low, days are extremely hot and nights are cold. Sandy and rocky landforms are found.
In the Mediterranean region, rainfall occurs in winter and summers are dry.
In the tundra region, there is extremely cold climate, snow-covered land, and sparse vegetation.
10. How many continents are there on Earth and what are they? Give a brief geographical description of each continent.
Ans: There are 7 continents on Earth—Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica.
Asia is the largest and most populous continent; the Himalayas and theIndo-Gangetic plains are located here.
Africa is a hot continent with the Sahara Desert and the Nile River.
Europe is small but highly industrialized.
North America is rich in minerals and agricultural resources.
South America is famous for the Amazon Basin and the Andes Mountains.
Australia is the smallest continent and is largely desert.
Antarctica is covered with ice and has no permanent inhabitants.
11. Which is the most populous continent in the world? Write briefly about its population and economic characteristics.
Ans: Asia is the most populous continent in the world. More than half of the world’s total population lives in this continent. China and India are two of the most populous countries in the world. Economically, this continent is advanced in agriculture, industry, information technology, and trade. Some countries are developed while others are developing.
12. Write briefly about the climate and livelihood of the African continent.
Ans: Most parts of Africa experience a hot and dry climate. The Sahara Desert lies in the north and equatorial forests are found in the central region. Rainfall varies from region to region. Livelihood mainly depends on agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting, and mineral extraction. In many areas, agriculture is the main occupation.
Additional Questions and Answers
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. What is meant by ‘region’?
(a) A country
(b) An area having similar characteristics
(c) A city
(d) A continent
Ans: (b)
2. What is the main characteristic of a homogeneous region?
(a) Central activity
(b) Political boundary
(c) Similarity in characteristics
(d) High population
Ans: (c)
3. What is the basis of a functional region?
(a) Soil
(b) A center and its relationship with surrounding areas
(c) Rainfall
(d) Vegetation
Ans: (b)
4. What type of vegetation is found in the equatorial region?
(a) Thorny vegetation
(b) Algae
(c) Evergreen forests
(d) Grasslands
Ans: (c)
5. Rainfall in tropical hot desert regions is—
(a) Very high
(b) Moderate
(c) Very low
(d) Equal
Ans: (c)
6. Rainfall in monsoon regions occurs due to—
(a) Cyclones
(b) Monsoon winds
(c) Volcanoes
(d) Earthquakes
Ans: (b)
7. Which is the largest continent of the world?
(a) Africa
(b) Europe
(c) Asia
(d) South America
Ans: (c)
8. Which is the smallest continent of the world?
(a) Europe
(b) Australia
(c) Africa
(d) Antarctica
Ans: (b)
9. What type of climate is found in the tundra region?
(a) Hot
(b) Humid
(c) Extremely cold
(d) Monsoon
Ans: (c)
10. In which continent is the Amazon River located?
(a) Asia
(b) South America
(c) Africa
(d) Europe
Ans: (b)
11. In which continent is the Sahara Desert located?
(a) Asia
(b) Africa
(c) Australia
(d) North America
Ans: (b)
12. Prairie is an example of—
(a) Desert
(b) Tundra
(c) Grassland region
(d) Forest
Ans: (c)
13. The Himalayas are located in which continent?
(a) Europe
(b) Asia
(c) Africa
(d) South America
Ans: (b)
14. When does rainfall occur in the Mediterranean region?
(a) Summer
(b) Winter
(c) Rainy season
(d) Spring
Ans: (b)
15. What is another name of tropical grassland region?
(a) Savanna
(b) Tundra
(c) Taiga
(d) Tunga
Ans: (a)
Short Answer Type Questions (Mark: 1/2)
1. What is a region?
Ans: A part of the Earth’s surface having similar characteristics is called aregion.
2. Give one example of a homogeneous region.
Ans: Tundra region.
3. On what does a functional region depend?
Ans: On a center and its interrelationship with surrounding areas.
4. What is the main basis of a natural region?
Ans: Climate and vegetation.
5. What type of rainfall occurs in the equatorial region throughout the year?
Ans: Heavy rainfall occurs throughout the year.
6. On what does agriculture in the monsoon region depend?
Ans: On monsoon rainfall.
7. How many continents are there on Earth?
Ans: 7.
8. Why is Asia important?
Ans: It is the largest and most populous continent.
9. What type of vegetation is found in the tundra region?
Ans: Mosses and small plants.
10. What is Sahara?
Ans: The largest hot desert in the world.
11. What type of trees are found in the taiga region?
Ans: Coniferous trees.
12. In which natural region does the Amazon Basin lie?
Ans: In the equatorial region.
13. The Mediterranean region is famous for the production of which fruits?
Ans: Olives and grapes.
14. Where is the Prairie region located?
Ans: In North America.
15. What is the main objective of studying regional geography?
Ans: To understand and compare the characteristics of different regions.
