Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources
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Improvement in Food Resources
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(1)
Q1. What do we obtain from cereals, pulses, fruits, and vegetables?
Ans: Food grains like wheat, rice, and maize provide energy through carbohydrates. Pulses like gram and peas supply protein. Fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(2)
Q1. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Ans: Biotic factors like bacteria, insects, and worms, and abiotic factors like drought, floods, and temperature, reduce crop production.
Q2 What desirable traits are considered in crop improvement?
Ans: Fodder crops should be tall and bushy. Cereal crops like rice should be short, as they require less nutrients and give better yield.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(3)
Q1. What are macronutrients and why are they called so?
Ans: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur are macronutrients. They are called so because plants need them in large amounts for growth and development.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(4)
Q1. From where and how do plants obtain nutrients?
Ans: Plants obtain nutrients from soil, water, and air. They get oxygen and carbon from air, hydrogen from water, and the remaining nutrients from soil.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(5)
Q1. Compare the role of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Ans: Manure improves soil structure, increases fertility, and is eco-friendly. Fertilizers provide nutrients quickly and promote plant growth, but excessive use reduces soil fertility and harms microorganisms.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(6)
Q1. Which method gives more profit to farmers?
Ans: Using improved seeds, irrigation, fertilizers, and crop protection measures together gives more profit.
Q2. Why are preventive measures and biological control important in crop protection?
Ans: They protect crops from damage, maintain quality, and prevent economic loss to farmers.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(7)
Q1. What factors damage stored grains?
Ans: Biotic factors like insects, rodents, fungi, and bacteria, and abiotic factors like improper temperature and moisture damage stored grains.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(8)
Q1. What method is used to improve cattle breeds and why?
Ans: Cross-breeding is used to combine desirable traits like high milk yield and disease resistance.
Q2. Explain the meaning of the statement about poultry.
Ans: Poultry birds convert low-fiber, inedible food into highly nutritious, protein-rich eggs.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(9)
Q1. What practices are followed in dairy and poultry farm management?
Ans: Maintaining cleanliness, providing proper feed, and vaccination against diseases.
Q2. What is the difference between broilers and layers?
Ans: Broilers are raised for meat, while layers are raised for eggs. Broilersneed protein-rich food, while layers are given fiber-rich feed.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(10)
Q1. How is fish obtained?
Ans: Fish is obtained by capture and culture methods in marine and freshwater systems.
Q2. What are the advantages of composite fish culture?
Ans: Different species live in different zones and eat different food, so there is no competition, and production increases.
Answers to Questions Within the Lesson(11)
Q1. What characteristics are needed for honey production in bees?
Ans: Ability to collect nectar, defend themselves, and high egg-laying capacity.
Q2. What characteristics are required in different species of bees for honey production?
Ans: The following characteristics are required:
(i) Ability to collect nectar.
(ii) Ability to protect themselves from enemies.
(iii) Capacity to lay a large number of eggs.
Q3. What is pasturage and what is its relation to honey production?
Ans: Pasturage refers to the availability of flowering plants from which bees collect nectar. It is directly related to honey production because the quality and quantity of honey depend on the type and abundance of flowers available to the bees.
Exercise: Questions and Answers
Q1. Describe any one method to increase crop production.
Ans: Farmers should use improved quality seeds, provide irrigation, apply fertilizers, and adopt crop protection measures. These help crops receive proper nutrition from all sides and increase yield.
Q2. Why are manure and fertilizers applied in fields?
Ans: Manure increases the nitrogen content of the soil, while fertilizers help in destroying harmful pests and insects present in the soil. As a result, crop production increases.
Q3. What are the advantages of intercropping and crop rotation?
Ans:
Advantages of intercropping:
(i) Two or more crops can be grown at the same time.
(ii) Nutrients are properly utilized and soil fertility increases.
Advantages of crop rotation:
(i) Improves the quality of crops.
(ii) Increases nitrogen content and soil fertility.
Q4. What is genetic modification? Why is it useful in agriculture?
Ans: Genetic modification is a technique in which a specific gene is introduced into a crop to obtain better yield. It is useful because it increases crop production.
Q5. How do stored grains get damaged?
Ans: Stored grains are damaged by biotic factors like insects, rodents, fungi, and bacteria, and abiotic factors like improper temperature and moisture. These reduce quality, weight, and change the color of grains, causing economic loss.
Q6. How do farmers benefit from animal husbandry?
Ans: Animals eat grass and agricultural waste. They are used for carrying loads and pulling carts. They provide meat, milk, and dairy products, which can be sold for profit.
Q7. What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Ans: Cattle are used for ploughing and transportation. They provide milk, from which nutritious products are made. Cow dung is used to prepare manure for agriculture.
Q8. What measures are taken in poultry, fish farming, and beekeeping to increase production?
Ans:
(i) Maintaining cleanliness of farms.
(ii) Providing proper feed.
(iii) Vaccination against infectious diseases.
Q9. Differentiate between capture fisheries, mariculture, and aquaculture.
Ans:
Capture fisheries:
(i) Fish are obtained from natural sources like ponds and rivers.
(ii) Fish are caught using nets.
Mariculture:
(i) Fish are obtained from the sea using boats.
(ii) Advanced methods like satellites and various nets are used.
Aquaculture:
(i) Fish are produced in controlled water bodies like ponds.
(ii) Fish are easily caught using nets.
Additional Questions & Answers
Q1. What nutrients do we get from food?
Ans: Proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Q2. What are Rabi and Kharif crops? Give examples.
Ans: Crops grown in winter (November to April) are called Rabi crops, such as wheat, gram, and peas. Crops grown in the rainy season (June to October) are called Kharif crops, such as rice, soybean, and cotton.
Q3. Into how many parts can crop production improvement be divided? Name them.
Ans: It can be divided into three parts:
(i) Crop variety improvement
(ii) Crop production management
(iii) Crop protection management
Q4. What is hybridization?
Ans: Hybridization is the process of breeding between two genetically different organisms.
Q5. What are genetically modified crops?
Ans: Crops obtained by introducing specific genes into plants to get improved varieties are called genetically modified crops.
Q6. What are the biotic and abiotic factors that reduce crop production?
Ans: Biotic factors include disease-causing organisms, insects, and worms. Abiotic factors include drought, excessive salinity, floods, temperature, cold, and frost.
Q7. What is manure?
Ans: Manure is an organic substance prepared by decomposition of plant and animal wastes.
Q6. What are the two components of manure?
Ans: Organic matter and nutrients.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. What is the main aim of improvement in food resources?
(a) To reduce the population
(b) To increase food production
(c) To decrease farming
(d) To stop irrigation
Ans: (b)
2. Which of the following provides carbohydrates?
(a) Pulses
(b) Fruits
(c) Cereals
(d) Milk
Ans: (c)
3. Which of the following is rich in protein?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Pulses
(d) Sugar
Ans: (c)
4. Which nutrients are mainly obtained from fruits and vegetables?
(a) Proteins
(b) Vitamins and minerals
(c) Fats
(d) Carbohydrates
Ans: (b)
5. Which of the following is a biotic factor affecting crops?
(a) Temperature
(b) Flood
(c) Insects
(d) Drought
Ans: (c)
6. Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Worms
(c) Insects
(d) Temperature
Ans: (d)
7. What is the role of irrigation?
(a) To add pests
(b) To supply water to crops
(c) To remove nutrients
(d) To destroy crops
Ans: (b)
8. Which nutrient is essential for plant growth?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen only
(c) Hydrogen only
(d) Carbon only
Ans: (a)
9. What is manure?
(a) Chemical substance
(b) Organic waste product
(c) Mineral
(d) Gas
Ans: (b)
10. What is the advantage of manure?
(a) Decreases soil fertility
(b) Improves soil structure
(c) Kills crops
(d) Reduces water
Ans: (b)
11. What is a fertilizer?
(a) Organic waste
(b) Natural product
(c) Chemical substance
(d) Water
Ans: (c)
12. Excess use of fertilizers leads to:
(a) Better soil always
(b) Soil degradation
(c) More nutrients always
(d) No effect
Ans: (b)
13. What is crop rotation?
(a) Growing same crop always
(b) Growing different crops in sequence
(c) Not growing crops
(d) Only irrigation
Ans: (b)
14. What is intercropping?
(a) Growing one crop
(b) Growing crops alternately
(c) Growing two or more crops together
(d) No farming
Ans: (c)
15. What is hybridization?
(a) Same plants breeding
(b) Different species breeding
(c) Soil mixing
(d) Water mixing
Ans: (b)
16. What is genetic modification?
(a) Natural farming
(b) Changing genes of crops
(c) Irrigation
(d) Fertilization
Ans: (b)
17. What is the main aim of animal husbandry?
(a) Destroy animals
(b) Care and management of animals
(c) Hunting animals
(d) Selling animals only
Ans: (b)
18. Which animal is mainly used for milk?
(a) Goat
(b) Cow
(c) Dog
(d) Horse
Ans: (b)
19. What is poultry farming?
(a) Fish farming
(b) Bee keeping
(c) Rearing of birds
(d) Crop farming
Ans: (c)
20. Broilers are reared for:
(a) Eggs
(b) Milk
(c) Meat
(d) Wool
Ans: (c)
21. Layers are reared for:
(a) Meat
(b) Eggs
(c) Wool
(d) Milk
Ans: (b)
22. What is fish farming called?
(a) Apiculture
(b) Aquaculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Sericulture
Ans: (b)
23. What is beekeeping called?
(a) Apiculture
(b) Pisciculture
(c) Agriculture
(d) Floriculture
Ans: (a)
24. What is pasturage?
(a) Water supply
(b) Availability of flowers for bees
(c) Soil type
(d) Fertilizer type
Ans: (b)
25. Which factor affects stored grains?
(a) Sunlight
(b) Insects
(c) Wind
(d) Clouds
Ans: (b)
26. Which method increases fish production?
(a) Dry farming
(b) Mixed fish culture
(c) No farming
(d) Only capture
Ans: (b)
27. What is mariculture?
(a) Freshwater fish farming
(b) Sea fish farming
(c) Poultry farming
(d) Crop farming
Ans: (b)
28. What is aquaculture?
(a) Farming in desert
(b) Farming in water bodies
(c) Farming in air
(d) Farming in hills
Ans: (b)
29. Which practice helps prevent crop loss?
(a) Ignoring pests
(b) Crop protection measures
(c) No irrigation
(d) No seeds
Ans: (b)
30. Which combination gives maximum yield?
(a) Poor seeds only
(b) Irrigation only
(c) Improved seeds + irrigation + fertilizers + protection
(d) No farming
Ans: (c)
