Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Regional Geography of India
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Part III: Regional Geography
Regional Geography of India
Questions &Answers
1. Q: Give a brief introduction of India.
Ans: India is a large and diverse country located in South Asia. Its total area is about 3,287,263 square kilometres. It is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of area. The Himalayas lie in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west. India is a sovereign democratic republic. It holds a significant place in the world due to its geographical features, climate, vegetation, population and cultural diversity. It has a strong economy based on agriculture, industry and the service sector.
2. Q: Discuss the location and size-related features of India.
Ans: India extends from 8°4′ North latitude to 37° North latitude and from68° East longitude to 97° East longitude. The Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of the country, resulting in both tropical and subtropical climates. The standard time of India is based on 82°30′ East longitude (near Mirzapur). The country stretches about 3,214 km from north to south and about 2,933 km from east to west. The total coastline is about 7,516.6 km. Due to its large size, India shows great geographical and climatic diversity, which is important for agriculture and habitation.
3. Q: Into how many regions can India be divided based on physiography? Explain with diagram.
Ans: India is generally divided into six major physiographic divisions:
i) The Himalayan Mountain Region
ii) The Northern Plains
iii) The Peninsular Plateau
iv) The Coastal Plains
4. Q: Give a brief description of the physiographic regions of India.
Ans: The Himalayan Region: It is a young fold mountain with three divisions—Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik. It is the source of many rivers.
The Northern Plains: Formed by alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers; very fertile and densely populated.
The Peninsular Plateau: Composed of ancient hard igneous and metamorphic rocks; rich in mineral resources.
The Indian Desert: The Thar Desert with low rainfall and sandy terrain. The Coastal Plains: The eastern coast is wide and deltaic, while the western coast is narrow and uneven.
5. Q: Write briefly the characteristics of India’s climate.
Ans: The main features are:
i) Monsoon type climate
ii) Distinct seasons
iii) Uneven distribution of rainfall
iv) Regional variation in temperature
v) Agriculture depends on monsoon winds
6. Q: Explain how monsoon winds influence the climate of India.
Ans: In June, the southwest monsoon winds bring moisture from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal and cause rainfall in most parts of India. Agriculture depends on this rainfall. In October–November, the northeast monsoon brings rainfall to the Tamil Nadu coast. The arrival, retreat and breaks of monsoon control temperature and rainfall. Failure of monsoon can cause drought-like conditions.
7. Q: What types of vegetation are found in India?
Ans: The main types are:
i) Tropical evergreen forests
ii) Tropical deciduous forests (moist and dry)
iii) Thorn forests
iv) Mountain forests
v) Mangrove forests
8. Q: Discuss the types of vegetation found in India.
Ans: Evergreen forests are found in regions with more than 200 cm rainfall. Deciduous forests occur in regions with 100–200 cm rainfall. Dry deciduous forests are found in low rainfall areas. Thorn forests grow in areas with less than 50 cm rainfall. Mountain vegetation changes with altitude. Mangrove forests grow in saline delta regions.
9. Q: Write a note on population growth in India.
Ans: India is one of the most populous countries in the world. According to the 2011 Census, the population exceeded 1.21 billion. Population growth has occurred due to improved healthcare, reduced death rate and increased life expectancy. Though birth rate has declined, population growth remains significant due to a large base population.
10. Q: Why is population distribution uneven in India?
Ans: Due to factors like fertile soil, water availability, favourable climate, industries, trade and transport facilities. Mountainous, desert and dense forest regions have low population due to unfavourable conditions.
11. Q: Discuss the variation in population density in India.
Ans: High density is found in the Ganga plains, Bihar and West Bengal. Low density is found in the deserts of Rajasthan and regions like Arunachal Pradesh. In 2011, the average population density was about 382 persons persq km.
12. Q: Give a brief account of urban population in India.
Ans: About 31 percent of India’s population lived in urban areas in 2011. Urbanization has increased due to opportunities in industry, trade, education and healthcare. Cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Bengaluru have seen rapid growth.
13. Q: Discuss the characteristics of major agricultural regions of India.
Ans: The characteristics of major agricultural reions of India are:
The Ganga Plains: Fertile soil; suitable for rice and wheat.
Punjab–Haryana: Green Revolution region; wheat and rice production.
Peninsular Plateau: Cotton, pulses and oilseeds.
Assam–West Bengal: Famous for tea production.
14. Q: Briefly describe the major industrial regions of India.
Ans: The major industrial regions of India are Mumbai–Pune: Textiles, automobiles, chemicals.
Hooghly Region: Jute industry centre.
Chotanagpur Region: Iron and steel, mineral-based industries.
Ahmedabad–Vadodara: Textile and petrochemical industries.
15. Q: Short notes:
Ans:
(a) Northern Plains: Alluvial soil, dense population, major food-producing region.
(b) Importance of agriculture: Provides food, raw materials, export income and livelihood.
(c) Monsoon vegetation: Depends on seasonal rainfall.
(d) Monsoon winds and rainfall: Southwest monsoon is the main source of rainfall.
(e) Causes of population growth: High birth rate, reduced death rate, improved healthcare.
(f) Causes of uneven distribution: Soil fertility, climate, industry and transport.
(g) Black soil: Found in Peninsular Plateau; suitable for cotton.
(h) Hooghly industrial region: Located in West Bengal; jute, paper and engineering industries.
(i) Northern rivers: Snow-fed and rain-fed; form large deltas.
(j) Southern rivers: Monsoon-fed; form waterfalls and deltas.
(k) Indian islands: Andaman and Nicobar (volcanic), Lakshadweep (coral).
(l) Himalayan region: Young fold mountains; source of rivers; natural barrier.
Additional Questions and Answers
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. What is the total area of India?
(a) 2.87 million sq km
(b) 3.28 million sq km
(c) 3.05 million sq km
(d) 3.52 million sq km
Ans: (b)
2. The Tropic of Cancer divides India in which direction?
(a) East–West
(b) North–South
(c) Coastal region
(d) Desert region
Ans: (b)
3. India’s standard time is based on which longitude?
(a) 75° E
(b) 90° E
(c) 82°30′ E
(d) 68° E
Ans: (c)
4. The Northern Plains of India are formed by the alluvium of which rivers?
(a) Narmada
(b) Tapti
(c) Ganga–Brahmaputra–Indus
(d) Mahanadi
Ans: (c)
5. The Thar Desert is located in which state?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Punjab
(d) Maharashtra
Ans: (b)
6. The Southwest Monsoon usually begins in which month?
(a) January
(b) March
(c) June
(d) September
Ans: (c)
7. Black soil is suitable for which crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Cotton
(d) Tea
Ans: (c)
8. Mangrove forests are generally found in which region?
(a) Desert region
(b) Mountain region
(c) Delta region
(d) Plateau
Ans: (c)
9. According to the 2011 Census, what was the average population density of India?
(a) 325 persons per sq km
(b) 382 persons per sq km
(c) 450 persons per sq km
(d) 290 persons per sq km
Ans: (b)
10. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in which sea?
(a) Arabian Sea
(b) Bay of Bengal
(c) Lakshadweep Sea
(d) Caspian Sea
Ans: (b)
11. The Chotanagpur Plateau is famous for what?
(a) Tea
(b) Jute
(c) Mineral resources
(d) Coffee
Ans: (c)
12. What is the approximate length of India’s coastline?
(a) 5,000 km
(b) 6,200 km
(c) 7,516.6 km
(d) 8,100 km
Ans: (c)
13. The Ganga River drains into which sea?
(a) Arabian Sea
(b) Bay of Bengal
(c) Indian Ocean
(d) Red Sea
Ans: (b)
14. In which region of India is tea production highest?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Punjab
(c) Assam
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Ans: (c)
15. The western coast of India is generally:
(a) Wide and deltaic
(b) Narrow and rocky
(c) Sandy
(d) Snow-covered
Ans: (b)
