Class 10 Social Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Subject Matter and Resources
Are you searching for SEBA Class 10 Social Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Subject Matter and Resources? If yes, then you are in the right place. This article provides complete notes, textbook solutions, important questions and answers, and exam-oriented study materials for Class 10 students.
This chapter introduces the concept of Geography: Economic Geography and explains its scope, importance, and subject matter. Students will learn about different types of resources, their classification, distribution, utilization, and significance in economic development. The chapter also discusses how natural, human, and man-made resources contribute to the growth and progress of society.
All notes and solutions are written in simple and easy-to-understand English, helping students learn the concepts quickly and prepare effectively for examinations. These study materials are useful for unit tests, annual examinations, and the HSLC board examination.
Part-II: Geography
Geography: Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resources
Selected Questions &Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Mark-1)
1. What is meant by spatial resource?
Ans: Natural resources that are found only in certain specific places are called “spatial resources.”
2. Who is regarded as the father of Economic Geography?
Ans: George Chisholm.
3. What is meant by ubiquitous resources?
Ans: Natural resources that are available everywhere on the earth are called“ubiquitous resources.”
4. Write the names of some endangered plants of Assam.
Ans: Some endangered plants of Assam are: Kalmegh, Chirata, Nutmeg, Sarpagandha, Salmugra, Satamuli, Suklati, etc.
5. Write the names of some endangered animals of Assam.
Ans: Some endangered animals of Assam are: Wild boar, White-wingedwood duck, Hornbill, Dolphin, Hoolock gibbon, Golden langur, etc.
6. Is iron a non-renewable resource? HSLC ’17
Ans: Yes.
7. Define natural resources and human resources with examples. HSLC’17
Ans: Resources that are freely available in nature are called “natural resources,” such as air, sunlight, iron, silver, etc. On the other hand, capable and working human beings are called human resources. For this, education, technology, interest, etc., are required.
Essay-type Question-Answers
1. What is Economic Geography? What are its main subject matters? Mention its major branches. HSLC ’17, ’20, 23
Ans: The branch of geography that studies human activities related to production, distribution, consumption, and exchange of resources in relation to place and time is called “Economic Geography.”
The main subject matter of Economic Geography includes the study of natural resources of the earth, their availability, production, quality, and distribution. It also studies which country is rich in which resource and whether a country is agriculture-based or industry-based.
The main branches of Economic Geography are: (a) Agricultural Geography, (b) Resource Geography, (c) Industrial Geography, (d) Transport Geography, (e) Market Geography, (f) Tourism Geography, etc.
2. What do you mean by resource? Mention its main characteristics. HSLC ’18, ’20
Ans: Anything that has the ability or quality to satisfy human needs is called a ‘resource.’ Examples include air, water, vegetation, soil, minerals, sunlight, etc.
The three main characteristics of resources are:
(a) Utility: A resource must satisfy human needs and contribute to human welfare.
(b) Functionality: A resource must be effective in performing the function for which it is used.
(c) Dynamic nature: Resources are dynamic. A material that is not useful or is harmful today may become useful for human welfare in the future. To be a resource, a material must possess these characteristics.
3. Briefly discuss the importance of resources with examples. HSLC’19
Ans: Anything that can satisfy human needs is called a resource. Almost everything available on earth can be considered a resource, such as air, water, soil, plants, sunlight, etc. These natural resources help humans fulfill their basic needs. Humans modify the form or shape of resources according to their needs. With the expansion of human knowledge, new resources are continuously being created from natural resources. For example, houses, roads, industries, and vehicles are made by humans using materials found in nature. Thus, resources are essential, and natural resources serve as the basic materials for man-made resources.
4. Briefly discuss the relationship between resources and science and technology. HSLC ’19
Ans: There is a close relationship between resources and science and technology. With the development of science and technology, many materials that were not previously considered resources have become valuable resources. For example, coal and petroleum were not regarded as resources in the past because people did not know how to use them. With scientific and technological advancement, humans have learned to convert them into energy. As a result, they have become valuable resources. Thus, resources and science andtechnology are closely related.
5. What are the differences between renewable and non-renewable resources? Discuss briefly with examples. HSLC ’12
Ans: Based on availability or durability, natural resources are divided into two types: renewable and non-renewable resources. There are some differences between them:
Non-renewable resources are limited in quantity. As they are used, their reserves gradually get exhausted. Examples include coal, petroleum, gold,
silver, copper, etc.
On the other hand, renewable resources can be regenerated or reproduced even after use. Examples include plants, crops like rice, pulses, mustard, animals, birds, etc. The creation of renewable resources requires human effort, skills, and conservation.
6. What is meant by resource conservation? What is its importance?HSLC ’19
Ans: Resource conservation means using natural resources for a long time without causing destruction or depletion. For example, conservation of petroleum means using it carefully without wastage so that it can serve human needs for a long period. With the increase in population, the demand for resources has also increased. As a result, there is a shortage of resources in proportion to population growth. In such a situation, conservation of resources becomes very important. Natural resources fulfill basic human needs, and with increasing knowledge, humans create new resources from them. Therefore, conservation is essential as natural resources form the base of all human-made resources.
7. Write briefly about organizations related to resource conservation and their roles. HSLC ’18
Ans: For resource conservation, there are many governmental and nongovernmental organizations at international, national, and local levels. For example, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a notable organization under the United Nations. It was established in 1948 through the efforts of Julian Huxley, the first Director-General of UNESCO. The main objective of IUCN is to conserve the natural environment and natural resources of the world and to study biodiversity, conduct research, and take necessary measures. Under its leadership, organizations like WWF for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre have been established. Such organizations also help in formulating laws for environmental protection and resource conservation. In India, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has been formed for resource conservation. In Assam, organizations like AssamScience Society and Aaranyak are actively working for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Q. Which of the following is a man-made resource? HSLC ’18, ’20
(a) Rivers
(b) Petroleum
(c) Irrigation canal
(d) Forest
Ans: (c) Irrigation canal.
Q. Which of the following is an abiotic resource? HSLC ’17
(a) Air
(b) Plants
(c) Animals
(d) Fungi
Ans: (a) Air
Q. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
(a) Air
(b) Water
(c) Crops
(d) Coal
Ans: (d) Coal
Q. Which of the following is an endangered animal?
(a) One-horned rhinoceros
(b) Wild boar
(c) Giraffe
(d) Mithun
Ans: (b) Wild boar
Q. IUCN belongs to which international organization?
(a) UNESCO
(b) UNDP
(c) WWF
(d) UNEP
Ans: (a) UNESCO
Q. What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? HSLC’20
(a) 0.0035%
(b) 0.035%
(c) 0.35%
(d) 3.35%
Ans: (b) 0.035%
Q. When was the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education established?
(a) 1886
(b) 1986
(c) 1786
(d) 1988
Ans: (b) 1986
Q. Which of the following is a man-made resource?
(a) Rivers
(b) Petroleum
(c) Forest
(d) Irrigation canal
Ans: (d) Irrigation canal
Q. In how many ways is man related to resources?
(a) Two ways
(b) Three ways
(c) Five ways
(d) Seven ways
Ans: (a)
Q. Geography as a subject is mainly divided into how many parts?
(a) Five
(b) Four
(c) Two
(d) Three
Ans: (c)
Q. Which is the highest peak in the world?
(a) Kanchenjunga
(b) Mount Everest
(c) Godwin Austen
(d) None of these
Ans: (b)
Q. World Environment Day is observed on which date?
(a) 2nd June
(b) 4th June
(c) 5th June
(d) 7th June
Ans: (c)
Q. Example of recycling:
(a) Industries
(b) Iron materials
(c) Toys
(d) House
Ans: (b)
Q. Which of the following is a national resource?
(a) Drain
(b) Canal
(c) Kaziranga National Park
(d) Stream
Ans: (c)
Q. Which of the following is a global resource?
(a) Temple
(b) Rivers
(c) Bridge
(d) Oceans
Ans: (d)
Q. Which of the following is a personal resource?
(a) Roads
(b) Plants
(c) Skill
(d) Educational institutions
Ans: (c)
Q. What is the name of the largest desert in the world?
(a) Sahara
(b) Great Victoria
(c) Thar
(d) Atacama
Ans: (a)
Q. In which continent is the Sahara Desert located?
(a) America
(b) Asia
(c) Africa
(d) Antarctica
Ans: (c)
Q. Name a desert in Asia.
(a) Atacama Desert
(b) Sahara
(c) Gobi Desert
(d) Patagonia
Ans: (c)
Q. What is the capital of Thailand?
(a) China
(b) Bangkok
(c) Delhi
(d) Riyadh
Ans: (b)
Q. South America consists of how many countries?
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 15
(d) 12
Ans: (d)
Q. Which is the least populated country in Oceania?
(a) Fiji
(b) Tuvalu
(c) Nauru
(d) Palau
Ans: (b)
Q. Name two European countries located in the Mediterranean region.
(a) Crete, Sicily
(b) Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard
(c) Zealand, Åland
(d) Ireland, British Isles
Ans: (a)
Q. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
(a) Water
(b) Sunlight
(c) Plants
(d) Natural gas
Ans: (d)
Q. Who is regarded as the father of modern Economic Geography?
(a) Jom
(b) Darkenwald
(c) Curzon
(d) George Chisholm
Ans: (d)
Q. Which of the following is not a natural resource?
(a) Rivers
(b) Forest
(c) Air
(d) Houses
Ans: (d)
Q. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?
(a) Plants
(b) Animals
(c) Fungi
(d) Air
Ans: (d)
Q. IUCN belongs to which international organization?
(a) UNDP
(b) UNESCO
(c) WWF
(d) UNEP
Ans: (b)
Q. In which year was IUCN established?
(a) 1748
(b) 1848
(c) 1948
(d) 1947
Ans: (c)
Q. Which of the following resources is abiotic?
(a) Air
(b) Plants
(c) Animals
(d) Crops
Ans: (a)
Q. Which of the following is a man-made resource?
(a) Forest
(b) Irrigation
(c) Rivers
(d) Petroleum
Ans: (b)
