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Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice
Section-B Political Theory
Selected Questions & Answers
A. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 1)
1. Who proposed the concept of distributive justice?
Ans: Aristotle.
2. Who proposed the concept of the “veil of ignorance”?
Ans: John Rawls.
3. Who said, “All human beings possess dignity”?
Ans: Immanuel Kant.
4. What is the name of the book in which Plato discussed the concept of justice?
Ans: The Republic.
5. What is necessary for establishing justice in a state?
Ans: An independent judiciary.
6. Justice is a ______. (Fill in the blank)
Ans: Social concept.
7. Political justice is ensured by ______. (Fill in the blank)
Ans: By the constitution.
8. In which type of system of government is justice more likely to be ensured?
Ans: In a democratic system of government.
9. What is the famous book written by John Rawls?
Ans: A Theory of Justice.
10. According to Plato, what is justice?
Ans: According to Plato, justice means performing one’s own duties properly without interfering in the duties of others.
B. Short Questions and Answers: (Marks for each – 2)
1. Mention two characteristics of social justice.
Ans: Two characteristics of social justice are:
(a) In social justice, all people enjoy equal rights regardless of caste, religion, race, gender, or language.
(b) In social justice, there is no discrimination such as high and low status or rich and poor.
2. What is legal justice?
Ans: Legal justice refers to the system by which disputes among the people are settled through established laws and regulations and the guilty are given appropriate punishment according to law.
3. According to Aristotle, what is justice?
Ans: According to Aristotle, justice means the distribution of positions and honours according to a person’s merit and contribution to the state.
C. Medium Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 4)
1. What is social justice? Explain the importance of social justice.
Ans: Social justice means providing equal opportunities, facilities, and equal importance to all people living in society. In social justice, everyone is treated equally without discrimination based on caste, religion, race, language, or social status.
Social justice is very important. To maintain peace, unity, solidarity, and brotherhood in society, social justice should be ensured among all people, irrespective of caste or class. A welfare state is built on the foundation of social justice. Without social justice, unrest and disorder may increase in society, which can hinder the development of a state. Social justice is the first step toward achieving all forms of justice. Only when social justice exists can individuals develop their personality and talents in society. Therefore, social justice has great significance.
2. What are the differences between law and morality?
Ans: The differences between law and morality are as follows:
(a) The scope of morality is very broad. It covers all aspects of human actions, behavior, and attitudes and is a traditional social value. On the other hand, the scope of law is narrower and mainly concerns the external actions of individuals.
(b) Morality is uncertain, vague, and indefinite, whereas law is universal and applies equally to all members of society.
(c) Morality is a social ideal and develops spontaneously in society, whereas law is created and enforced by an authority.
(d) Morality does not have a specific interpreter or enforcer, whereas law has authorities who interpret and implement it, such as courts.
(e) Sometimes an act that is morally right may be against the law, and sometimes an act that is legally valid may be morally wrong.
D. Essay Type Questions & Answers: (Marks for each – 6)
1. Mention some measures adopted in India to establish justice.
Ans: The Constitution of India has adopted several measures to establish social justice. Some of these measures are:
(a) Fundamental Rights have been included in the Constitution to ensure justice for the people. These rights are enforceable, and if a citizen’s fundamental rights are violated, they can approach the courts.
(b) The zamindari system has been abolished in India to promote social justice.
(c) Article 17 of the Constitution declares untouchability illegal.
(d) All individuals are allowed access to public places without discrimination.
(e) All citizens have been given the right to develop their personality and talents.
(f) Children have been granted the right to free and compulsory education.
(g) The government has taken steps to promote small-scale and cottage industries.
(h) Reservation policies have been introduced for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
2. Briefly discuss three principles of justice.
Ans: Although the concept of justice is based on moral ideals, establishing justice is not easy. Certain principles must be followed to achieve justice. Three important principles are discussed below.
(a) Equal treatment for all: One of the main principles of justice is equal treatment for all individuals. Regardless of caste, race, gender, or religion, everyone should be provided equal opportunities and facilities. To establish equality in society, the constitution has adopted measures such as equal pay for equal work for men and women and the right to universal education.
(b) Principle of proportional justice: Proportional justice means distributing benefits and rewards according to people’s merit, ability, and standards. It supports proportional distribution of resources and rewards. However, this principle is sometimes compared to a mathematical equation, and perfect mathematical justice may not always be possible in society because the concept of justice may not be equally understood by everyone.
(c) Recognition of special needs: Another principle of justice is the recognition of special needs. According to this principle, sometimes special measures are required for certain groups or communities to ensure equality in practice. For example, the Constitution provides special rights and facilities for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
