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Class 11 Political Science Chapter 16 Citizenship
Section-B Political Theory
Selected Questions & Answers
A. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 1)
1. Which citizenship law currently regulates Indian citizenship?
Ans: The Citizenship Act, 1955 of India.
2. From when did the people of India obtain Indian citizenship?
Ans: From 15 August 1947.
3. Which right cannot be enjoyed by a foreigner in India?
Ans: Political rights.
4. Which revolution in the world greatly expanded the concept of citizenship?
Ans: The French Revolution.
5. According to blood relation, a person receives ______ from his orher parents. (Fill in the blank)
Ans: Citizenship.
6. The concept of citizenship is a ______ concept. (Fill in the blank)
Ans: Dynamic.
7. Generally, there are ______ methods of acquiring citizenship. (Fill in the blank)
Ans: Two.
8. Is a citizen a permanent resident of a state?
Ans: Yes.
9. Does a citizen enjoy all kinds of rights in a country?
Ans: Yes.
10. Is fearlessness a quality of a good citizen?
Ans: Yes.
11. Are all persons living in a state citizens?
Ans: No.
12. Can a foreigner be expelled from a country?
Ans: Yes.
13. ‘’If a person stays away from the homeland for a long time, citizenship is lost.’’ — is it true?
Ans: True.
14. In which type of government system is dual citizenship found?
Ans: In a federal system of government.
15. Mention one obstacle to good citizenship.
Ans: Ignorance.
16. Mention one way of losing citizenship.
Ans: Desertion from the armed forces.
17. Write one method of acquiring citizenship through naturalization.
Ans: Long-term residence.
18. Name one right enjoyed by a citizen but not by a foreigner.
Ans: The right to vote.
19. Mention one right enjoyed by both citizens and foreigners.
Ans: Religious rights (freedom of religion).
20. “Those who have the capacity to participate in the administrative and judicial functions of the state can be called citizens of the state.” Whose statement is this?
Ans: Aristotle.
B. Short Questions and Answers: (Marks for each – 2)
1. Who was Martin Luther King Jr.? Why is he world-famous?
Ans: Martin Luther King Jr. was an African-American leader of the civil rights movement in the United States in the twentieth century. He led movements against racial discrimination between Black and White people that existed at that time. His movement was peaceful and non-violent. He is world-famous as a leader of the civil rights movement.
C. Medium Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 4)
1. Write briefly about the concept of world citizenship.
Ans: Since the second half of the twentieth century, technological expansion and development have increased greatly throughout the world. As a result, communication between different parts of the world has become very easy. The invention of computers and the internet has made the world so interconnected that it has turned into a global village. Consequently, the concept of world citizenship has emerged in recent times. Moreover, the rapid growth of the population in the world has also increased migration from one country to another. Therefore, the idea of world citizenship has gradually developed. The outcome of the concept of world citizenship appears to be positive because it promotes brotherhood and cooperation among the people of the world.
2. Mention the causes of loss of citizenship.
Ans: There are several causes for the loss of citizenship.
These are:
(a) If a person deserts from the armed forces, citizenship may be lost.
(b) If a person acquires the citizenship of another country, he or she loses the citizenship of the original state.
(c) If a person commits a serious offence against the state, citizenship may be taken away.
(d) Citizenship may be lost if a person remains absent from the homeland for a long time.
(e) Citizenship may be lost if a person permanently works in a foreign country.
(f) Citizenship may be lost if a person accepts a title from an enemy state.
(g) If a woman marries a man from another country, she loses the citizenship of her own country.
3. Mention the differences between a citizen and a foreigner.
Ans: The differences between a citizen and a foreigner are:
(a) A citizen is a permanent resident of a country, whereas a foreigner is a temporary resident.
(b) A citizen can move freely within the geographical boundaries of his or her country, but a foreigner may face certain restrictions.
(c) A citizen is bound to perform duties toward his or her country, whereas a foreigner is not bound in the same way.
(d) A citizen enjoys political and other rights in his or her country, but a foreigner cannot enjoy political rights in another country.
(e) A citizen shows allegiance to his or her own state, whereas a foreigner shows allegiance to his or her own country.
4. Mention five obstacles to good citizenship.
Ans: There are several obstacles to achieving good citizenship. These include:
(a) Indifference toward responsibilities to the country is a major obstacle to good citizenship.
(b) Ignorance or illiteracy is another obstacle, because the state cannot expect positive contribution from ignorant citizens.
(c) Selfishness is an obstacle because selfish citizens may harm national interests while pursuing personal interests.
(d) Poverty is also an obstacle because a citizen suffering from poverty may become involved in antisocial or anti-state activities.
(e) Narrow party mentality is another obstacle because it may damage national or public interest.
5. Mention four qualities of a good citizen.
Ans: For a person to be a good citizen of a country, several qualities are required. These are:
(a) A good citizen should be educated so that he or she can distinguish between right and wrong.
(b) A good citizen must obey the laws, rules, and regulations of the state.
(c) A good citizen should give greater importance to collective interest than to personal interest.
(d) A good citizen should possess intelligence, conscience, and self-control.
D. Essay Type Questions & Answers: (Marks for each – 6)
1. Define citizenship. Discuss the methods of acquiring citizenship.
Ans: The people who reside permanently in a state, enjoy its constitutional rights, and remain loyal to the state are called citizens. According to Aristotle, “Those who have the capacity to participate in the administrative and judicial functions of their country can be called citizens of the state.” There are mainly two methods of acquiring citizenship in a country: by birth and by naturalization. These methods are briefly discussed below.
(1) By Birth: There are two principles through which a person may acquire citizenship by birth. These are:
(a) By Blood Relationship: According to the principle of blood relationship, a person acquires the citizenship of the country of his or her parents.
(b) By Place of Birth: According to this principle, a person becomes a citizen of the country where he or she is born. For example, if the child of an Indian couple is born in the United States, he or she may obtain American citizenship according to the principle of place of birth. On the other hand, according to the principle of blood relationship, the child may also acquire the citizenship of the parents’ country.
(2) By Naturalization: There are several ways of acquiring citizenship through naturalization. These include:
(a) Marriage: If a woman marries a man from another country, she may obtain the citizenship of her husband’s country. For example, if a woman from Italy marries an Indian man, she may obtain Indian citizenship.
(b) Government Service: If a person works under the government of another country, he or she may obtain the citizenship of that country according to its laws.
(c) Purchase of Property: A person may obtain citizenship of another country by purchasing permanent property there.
(d) Military Service: If a person joins the army of another country, he or she may lose the citizenship of the original country and acquire the citizenship of the country where he or she serves.
(e) Registration: If a person wishes to obtain the citizenship of another country, he or she may apply and obtain citizenship through registration according to the laws of that country.
(f) Incorporation of Foreign Territory: When a state acquires or annexes the territory of another state, the people living in that territory generally become citizens of the acquiring state.
