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Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Rights
Section-B Political Theory
Selected Questions & Answers
A. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 1)
1. What is a right?
Ans: A right is some claims of citizens recognized by the state.
2. Mention one universal right.
Ans: Right to livelihood.
3. Write the name of a new right.
Ans: Right to Information.
4. Which concept is represented by the theory of rights of Immanuel Kant?
Ans: Moral rights.
5. What is a legal right?
Ans: Rights recognized by the law or constitution of a country are called legal rights.
6. Can education be called a universal right?
Ans: Yes.
7. “Rights are those conditions of social life without which generally the full development of human personality is not possible.” Who said this?
Ans: Harold J. Laski.
8. Who grants natural rights to an individual?
Ans: God or nature.
9. Who grants civil rights to an individual?
Ans: The state.
10. Is the right to vote a political right?
Ans: Yes.
11. Who propounded the concept of natural rights?
Ans: John Locke.
12. What type of right is seeking a government job?
Ans: Political right.
13. “Rights imply duties.” Is this statement true?
Ans: True.
14. “All claims are not rights.” Is it true?
Ans: True.
15. When is Human Rights Day observed?
Ans: 10 December.
16. “The nature of the state can be understood through the rights recognized by it.” Who said this?
Ans: Harold J. Laski.
17. Can rights exist outside society?
Ans: No.
18. Give an example of an economic right.
Ans: Right to work.
B. Short Questions and Answers: (Marks for each: 2)
1. Mention two moral duties.
Ans: Two moral duties are:
(a) To build a good character.
(b) To take care of health.
2. Can all claims become rights?
Ans: All claims cannot become rights. For a claim to become a right, three conditions must be fulfilled. These are:
(a) It must reflect collective welfare.
(b) The claim must be recognized by society.
(c) The claim must be protected by the state.
3. According to Aristotle, what is justice?
Ans: According to Aristotle, “Justice is the distribution of offices and positions according to the merit of individuals and their contribution to the state.”
C. Medium Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 4)
1. What is meant by universal rights? Explain with examples.
Ans: Some rights are considered essential for everyone in order to live in society as human beings. The rights without which a person cannot live a healthy social life are called universal rights. Examples: Right to life, right to education, right to freedom, right to residence, right to freedom of expression, etc.
2. Mention the characteristics of rights.
Ans: Rights are certain claims of citizens recognized by the state. Rightshave some characteristics.
These are:
(a) Rights are clear and recognized by the state.
(b) Rights provide citizens with opportunities for overall welfare.
(c) Rights are the legitimate claims of citizens.
(d) Rights are meant for public welfare.
3. Why are rights necessary? Discuss.
Ans: Rights are certain claims of citizens recognized by the state. Rights are necessary for human beings because:
(a) Through rights, people receive certain facilities in society as human beings, and by enjoying these facilities, they can achieve their mental and physical development.
(b) The enjoyment of rights makes an individual socially conscious. As a result, the responsibility of the individual toward society increases and the individual becomes more social.
(c) Rights teach an individual to live with self-respect and dignity.
(d) The enjoyment of rights teaches people the value of independence and encourages others also to enjoy their rights.
4. “Rights impose certain limitations on the authority of the state.”Explain with examples.
Ans: Rights are certain opportunities and facilities enforced by the state or any sovereign authority, without which an individual cannot lead a healthy and dignified life. Rights impose certain limitations on the state because they compel the state to function according to certain rules and principles. For example, in order to protect the civil rights of citizens, the state cannot act arbitrarily and must provide equal opportunities to all, irrespective of caste, religion, gender, or race. Moreover, there are some prohibitive rights that also place restrictions on the authority of the state.
D. Essay Type Questions & Answers: (Marks for each – 6)
1. What do you mean by rights? Discuss the different types of rights.
Ans: Rights are certain opportunities and facilities recognized by the state. According to the thinker Harold J. Laski, “Rights are those conditions of social life without which generally the full development of human personality is not possible.” There are various categories of rights such as political rights, social rights, economic rights, moral rights and legal rights. A brief discussion of some of these rights is given below.
(a) Political Rights: Political rights refer to those rights through which the people can take part in the political activities of the country. Examples include the right to vote, the right to form political parties, and the right to contest elections. Through political rights, individuals can participate directly or indirectly in the governance of the country.
(b) Economic Rights: The facilities and opportunities that ensure economic security are called economic rights. Examples include the right to work, the right to receive fair wages, and the right to rest.
(c) Social Rights: Social rights are the rights to obtain the facilities necessary for leading a good, happy, and developed life. Some of the main social rights are the right to education, the right to equality, and the right to residence.
(d) Moral Rights: Moral rights are those rights which depend on social justice and the moral feelings of people. Social customs and public opinion are the main sources of moral rights. Moral rights cannot be enforced by the law of the state. They are expressed through the moral behavior of individuals. For example, the respect and devotion that parents receive from their children.
(e) Legal Rights: Legal rights are certain facilities enjoyed by citizens which are granted and protected by the sovereign authority of a state. Legal rights are applicable to all. Legal rights are mainly divided into four categories, such as civil rights, political rights, economic rights, and social rights.
