Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 7 Evolution English Medium
Are you looking for Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 7 Evolution English Medium? If yes, then you are in the right place. This article provides important MCQ questions with answers from Chapter 7: Evolution for AHSEC Higher Secondary students.
In this chapter, students will learn about the origin and evolution of life on Earth. It covers important topics such as Darwin’s Theory of Evolution, Natural Selection, Adaptive Radiation, Human Evolution, Fossil Evidence, and the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. These concepts help students understand how living organisms have changed and developed over millions of years.
The MCQs are prepared according to the latest AHSEC syllabus and exam pattern. Practicing these objective questions will help students improve their understanding of the chapter, revise important concepts quickly, and prepare effectively for examinations.
Whether you are studying for class tests, model exams, or the AHSEC Higher Secondary Final Examination, these MCQ solutions will help you build confidence and score better marks in Biology.
Unit VII: Genetics and Evolution
Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 7 Evolution English Medium
VSA & MCQ
I. Very Short Question-Answers
Q. What is evolution?
Ans: Evolution is the gradual change in organisms over generations leading to the formation of new species.
Q. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Ans: Charles Darwin.
Q. What is variation?
Ans: Variation refers to differences among individuals of the same species.
Q. What is natural selection?
Ans: Natural selection is the process in which organisms with favourable variations survive and reproduce.
Q. What is adaptive radiation?
Ans: Adaptive radiation is the evolution of different species from a common ancestor in a geographical area.
Q. Give one example of adaptive radiation.
Ans: Darwin’s finches.
Q. What are homologous organs?
Ans: Homologous organs have similar origin but perform different functions.
Q. Give one example of homologous organs.
Ans: Forelimbs of human and whale.
Q. What are analogous organs?
Ans: Analogous organs perform similar functions but have different origin.
Q. Give one example of analogous organs.
Ans: Wings of butterfly and birds.
Q. What are fossils?
Ans: Fossils are preserved remains or impressions of ancient organisms.
Q. What is palaeontology?
Ans: Palaeontology is the study of fossils.
Q. What is industrial melanism?
Ans: Industrial melanism is the increase in dark-coloured moths due to industrial pollution.
Q. Name the scientist associated with industrial melanism.
Ans: H. B. D. Kettlewell.
Q. What is genetic drift?
Ans: Genetic drift is random change in allele frequency in a population.
Q. What is gene flow?
Ans: Gene flow is the transfer of genes from one population to another.
Q. What is mutation?
Ans: Mutation is a sudden heritable change in genetic material.
Q. What is speciation?
Ans: Speciation is the formation of new species from existing species.
Q. What is reproductive isolation?
Ans: Reproductive isolation prevents interbreeding between populations.
Q. What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Ans: It states that allele frequencies remain constant in a population under stable conditions.
Q. What is biological evolution?
Ans: Biological evolution is change in inherited characteristics of populations over generations.
Q. What is convergent evolution?
Ans: Convergent evolution is the evolution of similar features in unrelated organisms.
Q. What is divergent evolution?
Ans: Divergent evolution is the evolution of different features from a common ancestor.
Q. Who proposed the theory of use and disuse?
Ans: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
Q. What is the modern synthetic theory of evolution?
Ans: It combines Darwin’s natural selection with genetics.
Q. Name the ancestors of modern horse.
Ans: Eohippus.
Q. Which organ is considered vestigial in humans?
Ans: Vermiform appendix.
Q. What are vestigial organs?
Ans: Vestigial organs are reduced organs with little or no function.
Q. What is fitness in evolution?
Ans: Fitness is the reproductive success of an organism.
Q. What is isolation?
Ans: Isolation is separation of populations preventing gene exchange.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q. The theory of natural selection was proposed by:
(a) Gregor Johann Mendel
(b) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Hugo de Vries
Ans: (c) Charles Darwin
Q. Fossils are studied under:
(a) Ecology
(b) Genetics
(c) Palaeontology
(d) Taxonomy
Ans: (c) Palaeontology
Q. Homologous organs indicate:
(a) Convergent evolution
(b) Divergent evolution
(c) Mutation
(d) Isolation
Ans: (b) Divergent evolution
Q. Analogous organs indicate:
(a) Divergent evolution
(b) Convergent evolution
(c) Mutation
(d) Speciation
Ans: (b) Convergent evolution
Q. Wings of birds and butterflies are:
(a) Homologous organs
(b) Vestigial organs
(c) Analogous organs
(d) Rudimentary organs
Ans: (c) Analogous organs
Q. Forelimbs of whale and human are:
(a) Analogous organs
(b) Vestigial organs
(c) Homologous organs
(d) Rudimentary organs
Ans: (c) Homologous organs
Q. Industrial melanism was observed in:
(a) Frogs
(b) Butterflies
(c) Moths
(d) Beetles
Ans: (c) Moths
Q. The dark-coloured peppered moth had advantage in:
(a) Clean environment
(b) Polluted industrial areas
(c) Desert regions
(d) Polar regions
Ans: (b) Polluted industrial areas
Q. Sudden heritable change is called:
(a) Adaptation
(b) Mutation
(c) Isolation
(d) Selection
Ans: (b) Mutation
Q. Random change in gene frequency is:
(a) Mutation
(b) Gene flow
(c) Genetic drift
(d) Natural selection
Ans: (c) Genetic drift
Q. Transfer of genes between populations is:
(a) Isolation
(b) Gene flow
(c) Mutation
(d) Adaptation
Ans: (b) Gene flow
Q. Formation of new species is called:
(a) Evolution
(b) Speciation
(c) Mutation
(d) Migration
Ans: (b) Speciation
Q. Darwin’s finches are examples of:
(a) Mutation
(b) Industrial melanism
(c) Adaptive radiation
(d) Genetic drift
Ans: (c) Adaptive radiation
Q. The principle explaining constant gene frequency is:
(a) Mendel’s law
(b) Hardy-Weinberg principle
(c) Lamarckism
(d) Mutation theory
Ans: (b) Hardy-Weinberg principle
Q. Lamarck proposed:
(a) Mutation theory
(b) Theory of natural selection
(c) Theory of inheritance of acquired characters
(d) Germplasm theory
Ans: (c) Theory of inheritance of acquired characters
Q. The scientist associated with mutation theory is:
(a) Darwin
(b) Lamarck
(c) Hugo de Vries
(d) Mendel
Ans: (c) Hugo de Vries
Q. Vestigial organs are:
(a) Fully functional organs
(b) Reduced non-functional organs
(c) New organs
(d) Respiratory organs
Ans: (b) Reduced non-functional organs
Q. Appendix in humans is a:
(a) Homologous organ
(b) Analogous organ
(c) Vestigial organ
(d) Respiratory organ
Ans: (c) Vestigial organ
Q. The earliest horse ancestor was:
(a) Equus
(b) Mesohippus
(c) Eohippus
(d) Merychippus
Ans: (c) Eohippus
Q. Natural selection favours:
(a) Unfit organisms
(b) Harmful variations
(c) Useful variations
(d) No variations
Ans: (c) Useful variations
Q. Evolution mainly occurs due to:
(a) Variation
(b) Uniformity
(c) Stability
(d) Respiration
Ans: (a) Variation
Q. Which one prevents interbreeding between populations?
(a) Mutation
(b) Isolation
(c) Selection
(d) Migration
Ans: (b) Isolation
Q. Convergent evolution leads to:
(a) Homologous organs
(b) Analogous organs
(c) Vestigial organs
(d) Mutations
Ans: (b) Analogous organs
Q. Divergent evolution leads to:
(a) Analogous organs
(b) Homologous organs
(c) Mutation
(d) Isolation
Ans: (b) Homologous organs
Q. The modern theory of evolution combines:
(a) Lamarckism and ecology
(b) Genetics and natural selection
(c) Taxonomy and anatomy
(d) Mutation and physiology
Ans: (b) Genetics and natural selection
Q. The reproductive success of an organism is called:
(a) Mutation
(b) Isolation
(c) Fitness
(d) Adaptation
Ans: (c) Fitness
Q. Which is an example of adaptive radiation?
(a) Human appendix
(b) Darwin’s finches
(c) Industrial melanism
(d) Genetic drift
Ans: (b) Darwin’s finches
Q. Evolutionary relationship is best understood by studying:
(a) Respiration
(b) Nutrition
(c) Homologous organs
(d) Digestion
Ans: (c) Homologous organs
Q. The study of evolutionary history is based on:
(a) Fossils
(b) Digestion
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Transpiration
Ans: (a) Fossils
Q. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is disturbed by:
(a) Genetic drift
(b) No mutation
(c) Random mating
(d) No migration
Ans: (a) Genetic drift
Q. Assertion (A): Homologous organs indicate common ancestry.
Reason (R): Homologous organs have similar origin but different functions.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (b)
Q. Assertion (A): Industrial melanism supports natural selection.
Reason (R): Dark-coloured moths survived better in polluted areas.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Q. Assertion (A): Analogous organs arise due to convergent evolution.
Reason (R): Analogous organs have similar functions but different origins.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (b)
Q. Assertion (A): Genetic drift changes allele frequencies randomly.
Reason (R): Genetic drift is significant in small populations.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (c)
Q. Assertion (A): Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired characters.
Reason (R): Acquired traits are inherited by offspring according to Lamarckism.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Q. Assertion (A): Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium remains stable in absence of evolutionary forces.
Reason (R): Mutation and migration disturb genetic equilibrium.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (b)
Q. Assertion (A): Fossils provide evidence for evolution.
Reason (R): Fossils are preserved remains of ancient organisms.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (c)
