Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes
Are you looking for Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes English Medium? If yes, then you are in the right place. This article provides important MCQ questions with answers from Chapter 11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes for AHSEC Higher Secondary students.
This chapter introduces students to the basic principles and techniques of biotechnology. It covers important topics such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, cloning vectors, restriction enzymes, PCR, gene transfer methods, and the various tools used in biotechnology. These concepts are essential for understanding modern biological research and its applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry.
The MCQs are prepared according to the latest AHSEC syllabus and examination pattern. Practicing these objective questions will help students strengthen their concepts, improve their problem-solving skills, and prepare effectively for board examinations.
Whether you are revising the chapter for a class test or preparing for the AHSEC Higher Secondary Final Examination, these MCQ solutions will help you gain confidence and achieve better results in Biology.
Unit IX: Biotechnology
Biotechnology Principles and Processes
VSA & MCQ
I. Very Short Question-Answers
Q. Define biotechnology.
Ans: Biotechnology is the branch of science that uses living organisms or their components to develop useful products and processes.
Q. Who coined the term biotechnology?
Ans: The term biotechnology was coined by Karl Ereky in 1919.
Q. Name the two core techniques of modern biotechnology.
Ans: Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering are the two core techniques of modern biotechnology.
Q. What is genetic engineering?
Ans: Genetic engineering is the technique of altering the genetic material of an organism to obtain desired traits.
Q. What are restriction enzymes?
Ans: Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites.
Q. Why are restriction enzymes called molecular scissors?
Ans: They are called molecular scissors because they cut DNA molecules at specific points.
Q. Name the first restriction endonuclease discovered.
Ans: Hind II was the first restriction endonuclease discovered.
Q. From which organism was EcoRI isolated?
Ans: EcoRI was isolated from Escherichia coli.
Q. What is a cloning vector?
Ans: A cloning vector is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign DNA into a host cell.
Q. Name a commonly used cloning vector.
Ans: Plasmid is a commonly used cloning vector.
Q. What is a plasmid?
Ans: A plasmid is a small circular extrachromosomal DNA molecule found in bacteria.
Q. What is recombinant DNA?
Ans: Recombinant DNA is DNA formed by combining genetic material from different sources.
Q. Name the enzyme used to join DNA fragments.
Ans: DNA ligase is used to join DNA fragments.
Q. What is the role of DNA ligase?
Ans: DNA ligase joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.
Q. What are sticky ends?
Ans: Sticky ends are single-stranded overhanging ends formed after DNA is cut by restriction enzymes.
Q. What are blunt ends?
Ans: Blunt ends are DNA ends formed without overhangs after cleavage.
Q. What is electrophoresis?
Ans: Electrophoresis is the technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size using an electric field.
Q. Which material is commonly used in gel electrophoresis?
Ans: Agarose gel is commonly used in gel electrophoresis.
Q. What is PCR?
Ans: PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique used to amplify DNA segments.
Q. Expand PCR.
Ans: PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Q. Name the enzyme used in PCR.
Ans: Taq DNA polymerase is used in PCR.
Q. Why is Taq polymerase preferred in PCR?
Ans: Taq polymerase is heat stable and can withstand high temperatures during PCR.
Q. From which organism is Taq polymerase obtained?
Ans: Taq polymerase is obtained from Thermus aquaticus.
Q. What is transformation in biotechnology?
Ans: Transformation is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell.
Q. Define bioreactor.
Ans: A bioreactor is a vessel in which biological reactions are carried out under controlled conditions.
Q. Name the most commonly used bioreactor.
Ans: Stirred tank bioreactor is the most commonly used bioreactor.
Q. What is downstream processing?
Ans: Downstream processing involves separation and purification of the final product.
Q. What is gene cloning?
Ans: Gene cloning is the process of making multiple copies of a gene.
Q. What is the function of ori in a vector?
Ans: Ori helps in the initiation of replication of the vector DNA.
Q. What is selectable marker?
Ans: A selectable marker is a gene used to identify transformed cells.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q. Which of the following is known as the father of biotechnology?
(a) Louis Pasteur
(b) Karl Ereky
(c) Gregor Mendel
(d) Edward Jenner
Ans: (b) Karl Ereky
Q. Which enzyme is known as molecular scissors?
(a) DNA ligase
(b) DNA polymerase
(c) Restriction endonuclease
(d) Helicase
Ans: (c) Restriction endonuclease
Q. EcoRI recognizes the sequence:
(a) GAATTC
(b) GGAACC
(c) TTAACT
(d) CCGGTT
Ans: (a) GAATTC
Q. The enzyme that joins DNA fragments is:
(a) Amylase
(b) Lipase
(c) Helicase
(d) DNA ligase
Ans: (d) DNA ligase
Q. PCR technique was developed by:
(a) Watson
(b) Kary Mullis
(c) Crick
(d) Meselson
Ans: (b) Kary Mullis
Q. Taq polymerase is isolated from:
(a) Thermus aquaticus
(b) E. coli
(c) Bacillus subtilis
(d) Rhizobium
Ans: (a) Thermus aquaticus
Q. The technique used for separation of DNA fragments is:
(a) Chromatography
(b) Centrifugation
(c) Gel electrophoresis
(d) Sedimentation
Ans: (c) Gel electrophoresis
Q. Plasmids are commonly found in:
(a) Fungi
(b) Algae
(c) Viruses
(d) Bacteria
Ans: (d) Bacteria
Q. Which of the following acts as a vector?
(a) Plasmid
(b) Ribosome
(c) Lysosome
(d) Mitochondria
Ans: (a) Plasmid
Q. Recombinant DNA technology involves:
(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Joining DNA from different sources
(c) Lipid metabolism
(d) Respiration
Ans: (b) Joining DNA from different sources
Q. Which enzyme synthesizes DNA during PCR?
(a) Ligase
(b) Restriction enzyme
(c) Taq polymerase
(d) Amylase
Ans: (c) Taq polymerase
Q. Agarose gel is used in:
(a) Fermentation
(b) Cloning
(c) Centrifugation
(d) Electrophoresis
Ans: (d) Electrophoresis
Q. Sticky ends are produced by:
(a) Restriction endonucleases
(b) Ligase
(c) Polymerase
(d) Primase
Ans: (a) Restriction endonucleases
Q. The selectable marker helps in:
(a) DNA replication
(b) Identifying transformants
(c) Protein digestion
(d) Respiration
Ans: (b) Identifying transformants
Q. The origin of replication in a vector is called:
(a) ampR
(b) rop
(c) ori
(d) lacZ
Ans: (c) ori
Q. Bioreactors are used for:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Digestion
(c) Transpiration
(d) Large scale production
Ans: (d) Large scale production
Q. Downstream processing includes:
(a) Purification of products
(b) DNA replication
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
Ans: (a) Purification of products
Q. The function of restriction enzymes is to:
(a) Join DNA
(b) Cut DNA
(c) Replicate DNA
(d) Repair DNA
Ans: (b) Cut DNA
Q. Which of the following is not a cloning vector?
(a) Plasmid
(b) Bacteriophage
(c) Cosmid
(d) Ribosome
Ans: (d) Ribosome
Q. Foreign DNA introduced into a host cell is called:
(a) Chromosomal DNA
(b) Satellite DNA
(c) Recombinant DNA
(d) Ribosomal DNA
Ans: (c) Recombinant DNA
Q. PCR is used to:
(a) Amplify DNA
(b) Digest proteins
(c) Produce lipids
(d) Separate amino acids
Ans: (a) Amplify DNA
Q. Which one is a thermostable enzyme?
(a) Pepsin
(b) Trypsin
(c) Amylase
(d) Taq polymerase
Ans: (d) Taq polymerase
Q. The host commonly used in recombinant DNA technology is:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Escherichia coli
(c) Paramecium
(d) Euglena
Ans: (b) Escherichia coli
Q. A bioreactor maintains:
(a) High radiation
(b) High pressure only
(c) Optimum conditions for growth
(d) Dry conditions
Ans: (c) Optimum conditions for growth
Q. Which enzyme forms phosphodiester bonds?
(a) DNA ligase
(b) Restriction enzyme
(c) Primase
(d) Helicase
Ans: (a) DNA ligase
Q. Separation of DNA fragments in electrophoresis depends mainly on:
(a) Shape of DNA
(b) Size of DNA fragments
(c) Colour of DNA
(d) Odour of DNA
Ans: (b) Size of DNA fragments
Q. The amplified DNA in PCR can be detected by:
(a) Respiration
(b) Filtration
(c) Sedimentation
(d) Gel electrophoresis
Ans: (d) Gel electrophoresis
Q. Which of the following is not required in PCR?
(a) Primers
(b) Taq polymerase
(c) DNA ligase
(d) DNA template
Ans: (c) DNA ligase
Q. Restriction enzymes belong to the class:
(a) Nucleases
(b) Transferases
(c) Oxidases
(d) Hydrolases
Ans: (a) Nucleases
Q. The main aim of biotechnology is:
(a) Destruction of microbes
(b) Production of useful products
(c) Digestion of food
(d) Breakdown of proteins
Ans: (b) Production of useful products
Q. Assertion (A): Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors.
Reason (R): They cut DNA at specific recognition sites.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): PCR is used for amplification of DNA.
Reason (R): Taq polymerase remains active at high temperature.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): Plasmids are used as vectors in genetic engineering.
Reason (R): Plasmids can replicate independently inside bacterial cells.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false
Q. Assertion (A): Agarose gel is used in electrophoresis.
Reason (R): DNA fragments move according to their size in an electric field.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Downstream processing includes purification of products.
Reason (R): Bioreactors are used for purification of products only.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): DNA ligase helps in joining DNA fragments.
Reason (R): DNA ligase forms phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): Bioreactors provide optimum growth conditions.
Reason (R): Temperature, pH and aeration are controlled in bioreactors.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false.
