Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation
Are you looking for Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation English Medium? If yes, then you are in the right place. This article provides important MCQ questions with answers from Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation for AHSEC Higher Secondary students.
This chapter explains the importance of biodiversity and the need to conserve it for future generations. Students will learn about different levels of biodiversity, biodiversity hotspots, causes of biodiversity loss, endangered species, ecosystem services, wildlife conservation, and various in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods. These topics help students understand the significance of protecting nature and maintaining ecological balance.
The MCQs are prepared according to the latest AHSEC syllabus and examination pattern. Practicing these objective questions will help students revise key concepts, improve their understanding of environmental issues, and prepare effectively for board examinations.
Whether you are preparing for class tests, model exams, or the AHSEC Higher Secondary Final Examination, these MCQ solutions will help you strengthen your Biology preparation and achieve better results.
Unit X: Ecology
Biodiversity and Conservation
VSA & MCQ
I. Very Short Question-Answers
Q. What is biodiversity?
Ans: Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms present on Earth.
Q. Name the three levels of biodiversity.
Ans: Genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity are the three levels of biodiversity.
Q. Define genetic diversity.
Ans: Genetic diversity refers to variation in genes within a species.
Q. What is species diversity?
Ans: Species diversity is the variety of species in a particular region.
Q. Define ecological diversity.
Ans: Ecological diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems in a region.
Q. Who is known as the Father of Biodiversity?
Ans: Edward O. Wilson is known as the Father of Biodiversity.
Q. Which country has the highest biodiversity?
Ans: Brazil has the highest biodiversity.
Q. What are hotspots?
Ans: Hotspots are regions with high biodiversity and high levels of endemism under threat.
Q. How many biodiversity hotspots are there in India?
Ans: India has four biodiversity hotspots.
Q. Name one biodiversity hotspot of India.
Ans: Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot of India.
Q. Define endemic species.
Ans: Endemic species are species restricted to a particular geographical area.
Q. What are exotic species?
Ans: Exotic species are species introduced from outside their natural habitat.
Q. What is extinction?
Ans: Extinction is the complete disappearance of a species from Earth.
Q. Define endangered species.
Ans: Endangered species are species facing a very high risk of extinction.
Q. What is conservation?
Ans: Conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity.
Q. Name the two types of conservation.
Ans: In situ conservation and ex situ conservation are the two types of conservation.
Q. What is in situ conservation?
Ans: In situ conservation is the conservation of species in their natural habitat.
Q. What is ex situ conservation?
Ans: Ex situ conservation is the conservation of species outside their natural habitat.
Q. Give one example of in situ conservation.
Ans: National parks are examples of in situ conservation.
Q. Give one example of ex situ conservation.
Ans: Zoological parks are examples of ex situ conservation.
Q. What is a national park?
Ans: A national park is a protected area reserved for wildlife conservation.
Q. Define biosphere reserve.
Ans: A biosphere reserve is a protected area for conservation of biodiversity.
Q. What is Red Data Book?
Ans: Red Data Book is a record of endangered species.
Q. Expand IUCN.
Ans: IUCN stands for International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Q. What is poaching?
Ans: Poaching is illegal hunting of wild animals.
Q. Name the international agreement on biodiversity conservation.
Ans: Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement on biodiversity conservation.
Q. What is deforestation?
Ans: Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests.
Q. What is the main cause of biodiversity loss?
Ans: Habitat loss is the main cause of biodiversity loss.
Q. Define sacred groves.
Ans: Sacred groves are forest areas protected by local communities due to religious beliefs.
Q. Name one endangered animal of India.
Ans: Bengal tiger is an endangered animal of India.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q. Biodiversity refers to:
(a) Variety of rocks
(b) Variety of organisms
(c) Variety of soil
(d) Variety of minerals
Ans: (b) Variety of organisms
Q. The three levels of biodiversity include:
(a) Genetic, species and ecological diversity
(b) Genetic, climatic and atmospheric diversity
(c) Species, soil and water diversity
(d) Ecological, geological and mineral diversity
Ans: (a) Genetic, species and ecological diversity
Q. Which country has the maximum biodiversity?
(a) India
(b) Brazil
(c) China
(d) Australia
Ans: (b) Brazil
Q. India is known as a:
(a) Desert country
(b) Mega-diversity nation
(c) Polar region
(d) Tundra region
Ans: (b) Mega-diversity nation
Q. Hotspots are regions of:
(a) Low biodiversity
(b) High biodiversity
(c) No vegetation
(d) Industrial growth
Ans: (b) High biodiversity
Q. Which of the following is a biodiversity hotspot?
(a) Thar Desert
(b) Western Ghats
(c) Indo-Gangetic Plain
(d) Deccan Plateau
Ans: (b) Western Ghats
Q. Species restricted to a particular area are called:
(a) Exotic species
(b) Endemic species
(c) Rare species
(d) Migratory species
Ans: (b) Endemic species
Q. The complete disappearance of a species is known as:
(a) Mutation
(b) Migration
(c) Extinction
(d) Speciation
Ans: (c) Extinction
Q. The major cause of biodiversity loss is:
(a) Habitat loss
(b) Rainfall
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Respiration
Ans: (a) Habitat loss
Q. Illegal hunting of animals is called:
(a) Conservation
(b) Poaching
(c) Domestication
(d) Afforestation
Ans: (b) Poaching
Q. Conservation in natural habitat is called:
(a) Ex situ conservation
(b) In situ conservation
(c) Artificial conservation
(d) Gene conservation
Ans: (b) In situ conservation
Q. National parks are examples of:
(a) Ex situ conservation
(b) In situ conservation
(c) Hybridization
(d) Mutation
Ans: (b) In situ conservation
Q. Zoological parks are examples of:
(a) In situ conservation
(b) Ex situ conservation
(c) Afforestation
(d) Pollution control
Ans: (b) Ex situ conservation
Q. Red Data Book contains data of:
(a) Minerals
(b) Rivers
(c) Endangered species
(d) Soil types
Ans: (c) Endangered species
Q. IUCN is related to:
(a) Industrial development
(b) Biodiversity conservation
(c) Space research
(d) Banking
Ans: (b) Biodiversity conservation
Q. Sacred groves help in:
(a) Deforestation
(b) Biodiversity conservation
(c) Urbanization
(d) Industrialization
Ans: (b) Biodiversity conservation
Q. Which of the following is an endangered animal?
(a) Cow
(b) Dog
(c) Bengal tiger
(d) Goat
Ans: (c) Bengal tiger
Q. Ex situ conservation includes:
(a) Wildlife sanctuary
(b) National park
(c) Botanical garden
(d) Biosphere reserve
Ans: (c) Botanical garden
Q. Which of the following is not an in situ conservation method?
(a) Wildlife sanctuary
(b) National park
(c) Zoological park
(d) Biosphere reserve
Ans: (c) Zoological park
Q. Deforestation leads to:
(a) Biodiversity conservation
(b) Biodiversity loss
(c) Soil formation
(d) Mutation
Ans: (b) Biodiversity loss
Q. The region rich in endemic species is called:
(a) Desert
(b) Hotspot
(c) Tundra
(d) Grassland
Ans: (b) Hotspot
Q. The Earth Summit related to biodiversity was held in:
(a) Rio de Janeiro
(b) Tokyo
(c) London
(d) Moscow
Ans: (a) Rio de Janeiro
Q. Which organization publishes Red Data Book?
(a) WHO
(b) UNESCO
(c) IUCN
(d) UNICEF
Ans: (c) IUCN
Q. Introduction of alien species may cause:
(a) Biodiversity increase only
(b) Extinction of native species
(c) Soil formation
(d) Mineralisation
Ans: (b) Extinction of native species
Q. Which of the following is an exotic species in India?
(a) Lantana
(b) Banyan
(c) Neem
(d) Mango
Ans: (a) Lantana
Q. Afforestation means:
(a) Cutting forests
(b) Planting trees
(c) Hunting animals
(d) Mining
Ans: (b) Planting trees
Q. Biodiversity provides:
(a) Ecological stability
(b) Food resources
(c) Medicines
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these
Q. Which biome has maximum biodiversity?
(a) Desert
(b) Tundra
(c) Tropical rainforest
(d) Grassland
Ans: (c) Tropical rainforest
Q. Species richness decreases from:
(a) Equator to poles
(b) Poles to equator
(c) East to west
(d) Mountains to plains
Ans: (a) Equator to poles
Q. The term biodiversity was popularized by:
(a) Darwin
(b) Edward O. Wilson
(c) Lamarck
(d) Mendel
Ans: (b) Edward O. Wilson
Q. Assertion (A): Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem stability.
Reason (R): Greater biodiversity increases productivity and sustainability.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): India is a mega-diversity nation.
Reason (R): India has high species richness and endemism.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): National parks help in wildlife conservation.
Reason (R): Hunting and exploitation are restricted in national parks.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false
Q. Assertion (A): Biodiversity hotspots require urgent conservation.
Reason (R): Hotspots contain many endemic species under threat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Ex situ conservation protects species outside natural habitat.
Reason (R): Botanical gardens and zoos are examples of ex situ conservation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Deforestation increases biodiversity.
Reason (R): Habitat destruction threatens survival of species.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): Sacred groves are important for conservation.
Reason (R): Local communities protect them due to religious beliefs.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false.
