Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications
Are you searching for Class 12 Biology MCQ Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications English Medium? Then you have come to the right place. This article provides a collection of important multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers from Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications for AHSEC Higher Secondary students.
In this chapter, students will learn how biotechnology is applied in different fields such as agriculture, medicine, healthcare, and environmental management. Important topics include genetically modified (GM) crops, transgenic animals, gene therapy, recombinant medicines, biopatents, and bioethics. These concepts help students understand the practical uses of biotechnology in improving human life and solving real-world problems.
The MCQs are prepared according to the latest AHSEC syllabus and examination pattern. Regular practice of these objective questions will help students revise important concepts, improve their understanding of the chapter, and prepare effectively for board examinations.
Whether you are preparing for class tests, model exams, or the AHSEC Higher Secondary Final Examination, these MCQ solutions will help you strengthen your Biology preparation and score better marks.
Unit IX: Biotechnology
Biotechnology and its Applications
VSA & MCQ
I. Very Short Question-Answers
Q. What is transgenic organism?
Ans: A transgenic organism is an organism that carries foreign genes introduced through genetic engineering.
Q. Define GM crops.
Ans: GM crops are genetically modified crops developed by introducing desirable genes.
Q. What is Bt cotton?
Ans: Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety containing Bt toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Q. Name the bacterium from which Bt toxin is obtained.
Ans: Bt toxin is obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Q. What is Bt toxin?
Ans: Bt toxin is an insecticidal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.
Q. Which pest is controlled by Bt cotton?
Ans: Bt cotton controls bollworm pests.
Q. What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
Ans: RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression.
Q. Name the nematode controlled by RNAi technology in tobacco plants.
Ans: Meloidogyne incognita is controlled by RNAi technology.
Q. What are biopesticides?
Ans: Biopesticides are biological agents used to control pests.
Q. What is gene therapy?
Ans: Gene therapy is the technique of correcting defective genes in individuals.
Q. Name the first clinical case of gene therapy.
Ans: The first clinical case of gene therapy was for ADA deficiency.
Q. Expand ADA.
Ans: ADA stands for Adenosine Deaminase.
Q. What is ADA deficiency?
Ans: ADA deficiency is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of adenosine deaminase enzyme.
Q. What are molecular diagnostics?
Ans: Molecular diagnostics are techniques used to detect diseases using molecular tools.
Q. Name a molecular diagnostic technique.
Ans: PCR is a molecular diagnostic technique.
Q. What is ELISA?
Ans: ELISA is a test used to detect antigens or antibodies.
Q. Expand ELISA.
Ans: ELISA stands for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Q. What are transgenic animals?
Ans: Transgenic animals are animals carrying foreign genes introduced artificially.
Q. Name the first transgenic cow.
Ans: Rosie was the first transgenic cow.
Q. What was special about Rosie?
Ans: Rosie produced milk enriched with human alpha-lactalbumin.
Q. What is biopatent?
Ans: A biopatent is a patent granted for biological inventions.
Q. Define biopiracy.
Ans: Biopiracy is the unauthorized use of biological resources without proper permission.
Q. Name an Indian plant involved in biopiracy controversy.
Ans: Neem was involved in a biopiracy controversy.
Q. What is recombinant insulin?
Ans: Recombinant insulin is insulin produced through genetic engineering.
Q. Name the first recombinant insulin produced commercially.
Ans: Humulin was the first recombinant insulin produced commercially.
Q. Which microorganism is commonly used for insulin production?
Ans: Escherichia coli is commonly used for insulin production.
Q. What are edible vaccines?
Ans: Edible vaccines are vaccines produced in genetically modified edible plants.
Q. What is a cry gene?
Ans: A cry gene codes for Bt toxin protein.
Q. What is the full form of GMO?
Ans: GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism.
Q. What is the main aim of biotechnology applications in agriculture?
Ans: The main aim is to improve crop productivity and resistance.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q. Bt cotton is resistant to:
(a) Aphids
(b) Bollworms
(c) Grasshoppers
(d) Whiteflies
Ans: (b) Bollworms
Q. Bt toxin is produced by:
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Azotobacter
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis
(d) Lactobacillus
Ans: (c) Bacillus thuringiensis
Q. The cry gene is responsible for producing:
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Hormone
(c) Bt toxin
(d) Vitamin
Ans: (c) Bt toxin
Q. RNA interference helps in:
(a) Increasing photosynthesis
(b) Silencing specific genes
(c) Protein digestion
(d) Respiration
Ans: (b) Silencing specific genes
Q. ADA deficiency mainly affects:
(a) Digestive system
(b) Nervous system
(c) Immune system
(d) Circulatory system
Ans: (c) Immune system
Q. The first successful gene therapy was done for:
(a) Haemophilia
(b) Diabetes
(c) ADA deficiency
(d) Malaria
Ans: (c) ADA deficiency
Q. ELISA is used to detect:
(a) Hormones only
(b) Antigens or antibodies
(c) DNA only
(d) Lipids only
Ans: (b) Antigens or antibodies
Q. PCR is mainly used for:
(a) Protein synthesis
(b) DNA amplification
(c) Lipid digestion
(d) Respiration
Ans: (b) DNA amplification
Q. Rosie is a famous:
(a) Transgenic cow
(b) Transgenic sheep
(c) Cloned goat
(d) Hybrid buffalo
Ans: (a) Transgenic cow
Q. Humulin is:
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Vaccine
(c) Recombinant insulin
(d) Enzyme
Ans: (c) Recombinant insulin
Q. Biopiracy refers to:
(a) Illegal cloning
(b) Unauthorized use of bioresources
(c) Vaccine production
(d) Hybridization
Ans: (b) Unauthorized use of bioresources
Q. Neem controversy is related to:
(a) Gene therapy
(b) Biopiracy
(c) Cloning
(d) Vaccination
Ans: (b) Biopiracy
Q. Transgenic animals are produced by:
(a) Natural selection
(b) Hybridization
(c) Genetic engineering
(d) Mutation only
Ans: (c) Genetic engineering
Q. Which of the following is a genetically modified crop?
(a) Wheat
(b) Bt cotton
(c) Rice
(d) Gram
Ans: (b) Bt cotton
Q. The nematode controlled by RNAi is:
(a) Ascaris
(b) Wuchereria
(c) Meloidogyne incognita
(d) Taenia
Ans: (c) Meloidogyne incognita
Q. Gene therapy aims to:
(a) Destroy proteins
(b) Correct defective genes
(c) Prevent respiration
(d) Increase lipids
Ans: (b) Correct defective genes
Q. The main source of recombinant insulin production is:
(a) Virus
(b) Fungus
(c) Bacteria
(d) Protozoa
Ans: (c) Bacteria
Q. Which test is commonly used for HIV detection?
(a) ELISA
(b) Widal test
(c) Mantoux test
(d) Gram staining
Ans: (a) ELISA
Q. GM crops help in:
(a) Decreasing productivity
(b) Increasing pest resistance
(c) Increasing diseases
(d) Reducing yield
Ans: (b) Increasing pest resistance
Q. Biopatents are associated with:
(a) Biological inventions
(b) Soil erosion
(c) Water pollution
(d) Digestion
Ans: (a) Biological inventions
Q. The toxin produced by Bt gene becomes active in:
(a) Acidic medium
(b) Neutral medium
(c) Alkaline medium
(d) Distilled water
Ans: (c) Alkaline medium
Q. Edible vaccines are produced in:
(a) Animals
(b) Edible plants
(c) Fungi
(d) Viruses
Ans: (b) Edible plants
Q. The full form of GMO is:
(a) Genetically Modified Organism
(b) General Molecular Organism
(c) Genetic Mutation Operator
(d) Gene Mapping Organism
Ans: (a) Genetically Modified Organism
Q. Which of the following is not a transgenic animal?
(a) Rosie
(b) Dolly
(c) Transgenic mouse
(d) Transgenic fish
Ans: (b) Dolly
Q. The foreign gene introduced into plants is called:
(a) Vector
(b) Transgene
(c) Marker
(d) Primer
Ans: (b) Transgene
Q. Bt cotton reduces the use of:
(a) Fertilizers
(b) Insecticides
(c) Irrigation
(d) Manure
Ans: (b) Insecticides
Q. Recombinant DNA technology is useful in:
(a) Production of insulin
(b) Digestion of proteins
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Respiration
Ans: (a) Production of insulin
Q. Which disease is associated with ADA deficiency?
(a) SCID
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Malaria
(d) Cholera
Ans: (a) SCID
Q. Transgenic plants are developed mainly for:
(a) Pest resistance
(b) Lower yield
(c) Less growth
(d) Weak resistance
Ans: (a) Pest resistance
Q. Which one is a biotechnological product?
(a) Humulin
(b) Bread
(c) Butter
(d) Tea
Ans: (a) Humulin
Q. Assertion (A): Bt cotton protects plants from insect pests.
Reason (R): Bt cotton contains cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Gene therapy can treat genetic disorders.
Reason (R): It replaces defective genes with functional genes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): RNA interference silences gene expression.
Reason (R): It prevents translation of specific mRNA molecules.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false
Q. Assertion (A): ELISA is widely used in disease diagnosis.
Reason (R): ELISA detects antigens and antibodies.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Biopiracy involves illegal use of biological resources.
Reason (R): Developing countries are often rich in biodiversity.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q. Assertion (A): Recombinant insulin is produced using bacteria.
Reason (R): Bacteria can express inserted human insulin genes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (d) A is false, but R is true
Q. Assertion (A): Transgenic animals are useful in medical research.
Reason (R): They help in studying gene expression and diseases.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false.
