Class 9 Social History Chapter 2 Rise of Indian Nationalism
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Part I: History
Rise of Indian Nationalism
Lesson-Based Questions &Answers
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Q. What was the first (main) factor of the rise of Indian nationalism? Mention the time.
Ans: The first (main) factor of the rise of Indian nationalism was the influence of Western education. The time of its emergence was the sixth decade of the nineteenth century, that is, 1857 AD.
2. Q. Who is the author of the novel ‘Anandamath’?
Ans: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
3. Q. Who is the lyricist of the song ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha…’?
Ans: Muhammad Iqbal.
4. Q. When was railway transport first introduced in India?
Ans: In 1853 AD, between Bombay and Thane.
5. Q. When was the telegraph system first introduced in India?
Ans: In 1851 AD.
6. Q. When and where was the first printing press established in India?
Ans: In 1797 at Serampore.
7. Q. Under what name and where was the Presidency College of Calcutta first established?
Ans: As Hindu College in Calcutta.
8. Q. Write two notable social reforms of Lord William Bentinck.
Ans: (a) Abolition of Sati system and (b) Expansion of female education.
9. Q. What is the first newspaper in the history of Indian journalism?
Ans: Bengal Gazette.
Essay-type Question-Answers
1. Q. Briefly explain how the Sepoy Mutiny led to the rise of Indian nationalism.
Ans: Although the Sepoy Mutiny was not politically successful, it generated a sense of nationalism among Indians. During the revolt, Indians developed intense resentment and deep distrust towards the British. After witnessing the failure of the revolt, they realized that without unity it was not possible to organize resistance against the British. Therefore, after this revolt, people of different castes, communities, religions, and regions living in India began to feel a sense of unity as Indians, leading to national awakening. Just as the Renaissance in Europe in the sixteenth century gave birth to a new Europe, the Sepoy Mutiny created an awakening for building a new India.
2. Q. What was the main objective of Wood’s Despatch?
Ans: Charles Wood prepared the Wood’s Despatch (an educational reform plan) in 1854 AD. It marked the beginning of modern education in India. Its main objectives were:
(a) To establish a systematic educational structure from primary to university level, with vernacular languages at the lower level and English at the higher level.
(b) To encourage meritorious students by providing scholarships.
(c) To increase the number of educational institutions through government grants.
(d) To establish an education department in each province.
3. Q. Write about six main factors that contributed to the rise of Indian national awakening.
Ans: The six main factors were:
(a) Influence of Western education: It introduced progressive ideas, leading to national awakening.
(b) Religious and social reform movements: Leaders like Raja RamMohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Annie Besant, Dayananda Saraswati, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, and Swami Vivekananda opposed social evils and inspired national consciousness.
(c) Transport system: Development of transport increased interaction and unity among people.
(d) Newspapers: Spread nationalist ideas among Indians.
(e) National organizations: The Indian Association founded by Surendranath Banerjee inspired nationalism.
(f) Indian National Congress: Its establishment in 1885 gave a concrete shape to Indian nationalism.
4. Q. Write four impacts of Western education on Indian national awakening.
Ans: Four impacts of Western education on Indian national awakening are–
(a) Modern education began in India, especially in Bengal, and gradually spread across the country.
(b) In 1854, Wood’s educational plan introduced a systematic education system from primary to university level.
(c) Establishment of colleges in Calcutta marked a significant phase in modern education and created awareness.
(d) Modern thinkers like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, MuhammadIqbal, and Ishwar Chandra Gupta inspired nationalism through patriotic literature.
5. Q. How did the development of transport influence national awakening?
Ans: The British introduced modern communication systems in India. Telegraph began in 1851 and railways in 1853. Roads and transport systems developed rapidly, making communication easier across regions. This increased interaction and exchange of ideas, fostering unity among Indians and contributing to national awakening.
6. Q. Discuss the contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy to Indian national awakening.
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy made significant contributions to Indian national awakening. He was a versatile personality who focused on religious reform, social reform, and modern education. Along with David Hare, he helped establish Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817, where students were influenced by progressive Western ideas. He worked against social evils such as child marriage and the purdah system and supported widow remarriage. Politically, he advocated reforms and represented Indian interests before British authorities. He also inspired leaders like Dwarkanath Tagore and Henry Louis Vivian Derozio through the Young Bengal movement.
7. Q. Write about the contribution of Dayananda Saraswati to Indian national awakening.
Ans: Dayananda Saraswati was a Sanskrit scholar and social reformer. He founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to remove social evils from Hindu society. He opposed child marriage, supported widow remarriage, and emphasized monotheism. He discouraged idol worship and promoted rational thinking. His efforts led to unity and awakening among Hindus, contributing to nationalism.
8. Q. Write about the contribution of Keshab Chandra Sen to Indian national awakening.
Ans: Keshab Chandra Sen was a religious reformer. He helped promote social reforms and supported widow remarriage. He was associated with reform movements and contributed to spreading education, social awareness, and national consciousness.
9. Q. Write about the contribution of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa to Indian national awakening.
Ans: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was a religious reformer who propagated the true essence of Hinduism. His teachings inspired people towards spiritual and moral upliftment. His disciple Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission and spread nationalism and unity among Indians, both in India and abroad.
10. Q. Write about the contribution of Annie Besant to Indian national awakening.
Ans: Annie Besant was an Irish woman who came to India in 1893 as a member of the Theosophical Society. She established the Central Hindu School at Varanasi in 1898, which later became Banaras Hindu University. She supported Indian independence and founded the Home Rule League in 1916. In 1917, she became the President of the Indian National Congress.
11. Q. What is the Aligarh Movement? How did it guide Muslims towards modern thought?
Ans: The Aligarh Movement aimed to spread modern education among Indians through educational institutions. Its main leader was Sir Syed AhmadKhan. He established an English-medium school in Ghazipur in 1864 and later founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. These institutions helped Muslims gain modern education and progressive ideas, leading to national awakening.
12. Q. Explain how newspapers contributed to the rise of nationalism among Indians.
Ans: The history of newspapers in India began with James Augustus Hicky, who published the Bengal Gazette in 1780 in Calcutta. Initially, English newspapers dominated, but gradually newspapers in Indian languages emerged. These newspapers spread nationalist ideas, promoted Swadeshi thought, and inspired people against British rule. Newspapers like Amrita Bazar Patrika and Al-Hilal played an important role in mobilizing public opinion against British policies.
13. Q. Write a short note on the origin of the Indian National Congress.
Ans: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 as a political organization. Its founder was Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. In 1883, he addressed students of Calcutta University through an open letter, urging them to serve the nation. A meeting was held in Bombay on 28 December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, attended by 72 delegates from different parts of India. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was elected as the President. Thus, the Indian National Congress was established, which later played a key role in India’s freedom struggle.
14. Q. How did newspapers contribute to the rise of Indian nationalism?
Ans: The rise of Indian nationalism refers to the awakening of patriotism, unity, and the desire for independence among Indians. Newspapers played a very important role in creating this national consciousness. They exposed the injustices, discrimination, and oppressive policies of British rule in simple language, helping people understand the true nature of colonial governance. Newspapers regularly published news about events across the country and the progress of the freedom movement, thereby making people aware and informed.
They supported movements like Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods, which helped these movements spread rapidly across regions. In the absence of modern communication like television or the internet, newspapers served as the most powerful medium of communication across the country, strengthening unity among people.
They also published the writings and speeches of leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, which inspired courage and new ideas among the masses.
Newspapers promoted ideas of freedom, justice, rights, and self-respect, thereby awakening a sense of nationalism and pride among Indians. Thus, newspapers played a significant role in organizing people, spreading movements, and strengthening Indian nationalism.
15. Q. Briefly write about the activities and development of the Indian National Congress.
Ans: The Indian National Congress, established in 1885, was the first all-India organization in India. From its inception, it played an important role in the social and political spheres for the greater Indian nation. Its main objective was to create public awareness against British rule and to unite Indians, irrespective of caste and creed to free India from British domination.
In 1890, with the aim of securing some political concessions, the Congress sent a delegation to England under the leadership of SurendranathBanerjee. However, the delegation failed to secure any promises of political benefits and returned disappointed. After that, the Indian Councils Act of 1892 failed to provide any significant political rights to Indians, which led to dissatisfaction among Congress workers. Some members began to advocate adopting militant methods against the British as peaceful means were not yielding results.
In 1905, at the Benares session of the Congress, the moderate speech delivered by Gopal Krishna Gokhale was criticized by some members, who demanded more aggressive action against the British. As a result, a division emerged within the Congress.
In 1907, at the Surat session presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh, the Congress was formally split into two groups: the Moderates and the Extremists. The Extremist group included leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal.
The Extremists remained separated from the main Congress until 1916. In this way, the Indian National Congress developed over time.
Additional Questions and Answers:
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Q. From when did modern education begin in India?
Ans: From the time of Wood’s Despatch in 1854.
2. Q. Who was the Governor-General of India at the time of the Battle of Plassey?
Ans: Robert Clive.
Note: At the time of the Battle of Plassey (1757), Robert Clive was not the Governor-General; he was a British officer. The office of Governor-General was established later in 1773.
3. Q. Who brought the telegraph system under government control and when?
Ans: Lord Dalhousie, in 1851.
4. Q. Who is regarded as the leader of Indian national awakening?
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
5. Q. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
6. Q. Who abolished the Sati system in India?
Ans: Lord William Bentinck.
7. Q. When was Hindu College established in Calcutta?
Ans: In 1817.
8. Q. Who founded the Arya Samaj?
Ans: Dayananda Saraswati.
9. Q. Who said “Back to the Vedas”?
Ans: Dayananda Saraswati.
10. Q. Who founded the Prarthana Samaj?
Ans: Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.
11. Q. Who established the Deccan Education Society?
Ans: Bal Gangadhar Tilak and others in 1884.
12. Q. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
Ans: Swami Vivekananda.
13. Q. What was the original name of Swami Vivekananda?
Ans: Narendra Nath Dutta.
14. Q. Who is called the Father of Modern India?
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
15. Q. When was the Press Act introduced?
Ans: In 1878.
16. Q. Who passed the Arms Act?
Ans: Lord Lytton.
17. Q. Who declared “Swaraj is the main goal of Congress”?
Ans: Dadabhai Naoroji.
18. Q. When was the World Parliament of Religions held in Chicago, and which Indian participated?
Ans: In 1893, Swami Vivekananda participated.
19. Q. Who founded the Home Rule League and when?
Ans: Annie Besant, in 1916.
20. Q. Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
Ans: Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
21. Q. Name a Moderate leader of the Congress.
Ans: Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
22. Q. Who was Theodore Beck?
Ans: He was a professor of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh.
23. Q. Mention three social evils prevalent in ancient Hindu society.
Ans: (a) Child marriage (b) Polygamy (c) Sati system.
24. Q. Write three objectives of the Prarthana Samaj.
Ans: Three objectives of the Prathana Sasmaj are–
(a) To establish orphanages for orphan children.
(b) To promote widow remarriage.
(c) To establish night schools.
25. Q. Mention three objectives of the Arya Samaj.
Ans: Three objectives of the Arya Samaj are–
(a) Promotion of widow remarriage.
(b) Abolition of child marriage.
(c) Promotion of female education.
26. Q. When did railway service begin in Assam?
Ans: In 1883.
27. Q. When was the Grand Trunk Road constructed?
Ans: The Grand Trunk Road was originally built during Sher Shah Suri’s reign in the 16th century and later improved by the British.
28. Q. When did railway communication begin to Sadiya and Dibrugarh in Assam?
Ans: From 1883.
29. Q. What was the first cause of the rise of Indian nationalism?
Ans: Influence of Western education.
30. Q. What was the original name of Presidency College, Calcutta?
Ans: Hindu College.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What was the main factor behind the rise of Indian nationalism?
(a) Industrial growth
(b) Western education
(c) Military reforms
(d) Agricultural development
Ans: (b)
2. Who wrote the novel ‘Anandamath’?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Swami Vivekananda
Ans: (b)
3. Who composed “Sare Jahan Se Achha”?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Muhammad Iqbal
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Subramania Bharati
Ans: (b)
4. When was the first railway introduced in India?
(a) 1851
(b) 1853
(c) 1857
(d) 1860
Ans: (b)
5. The first railway line in India was between:
(a) Delhi and Agra
(b) Bombay and Thane
(c) Calcutta and Howrah
(d) Madras and Bangalore
Ans: (b)
6. Who abolished the Sati system?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord William Bentinck
(d) Lord Curzon
Ans: (c)
7. Which was the first newspaper in India?
(a) Amrita Bazar Patrika
(b) The Hindu
(c) Bengal Gazette
(d) Kesari
Ans: (c)
8. Who started the Bengal Gazette?
(a) James Augustus Hicky
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Ans: (a)
9. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
(a) Swami Vivekananda
(b) Dayananda Saraswati
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Keshab Chandra Sen
Ans: (c)
10. Arya Samaj was founded by:
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Dayananda Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Annie Besant
Ans: (b)
11. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
(a) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
(b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Dayananda Saraswati
(d) Keshab Chandra Sen
Ans: (b)
12. Who is known as the father of modern India?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Ans: (b)
13. The Indian National Congress was founded in:
(a) 1880
(b) 1885
(c) 1890
(d) 1905
Ans: (b)
14. Who founded the Indian National Congress?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Allan Octavian Hume
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Ans: (c)
15. Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee
(c) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Ans: (b)
16. The Surat split of Congress took place in:
(a) 1905
(b) 1906
(c) 1907
(d) 1908
Ans: (c)
17. Which of the following was an extremist leader?
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(d) Surendranath Banerjee
Ans: (c)
18. Who was a moderate leader of Congress?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Ans: (d)
19. Who founded the Home Rule League?
(a) Annie Besant
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Ans: (c)
20. The Aligarh Movement was led by:
(a) Syed Ahmad Khan
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Dayananda Saraswati
Ans: (a)
21. The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College was established in:
(a) 1864
(b) 1875
(c) 1885
(d) 1890
Ans: (b)
22. Wood’s Despatch was issued in:
(a) 1835
(b) 1854
(c) 1857
(d) 1861
Ans: (b)
23. Who said “Back to the Vedas”?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Dayananda Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Keshab Chandra Sen
Ans: (b)
24. Which organization was founded in 1875?
(a) Brahmo Samaj
(b) Arya Samaj
(c) Ramakrishna Mission
(d) Indian National Congress
Ans: (b)
25. Who was associated with the Indian Association?
(a) Surendranath Banerjee
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Ans: (a)
26. The Sepoy Mutiny took place in:
(a) 1854
(b) 1857
(c) 1860
(d) 1870
Ans: (b)
27. The main aim of early Congress was:
(a) Independence immediately
(b) Social reform only
(c) Political awareness and unity
(d) Military action
Ans: (c)
28. Who was the President of Congress at the Surat session?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Rash Behari Ghosh
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Ans: (b)
29. Which reformer opposed idol worship?
(a) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
(b) Dayananda Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
Ans: (b)
30. Which factor helped unite people from different regions?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Transport system
(c) Religion
(d) Climate
Ans: (b)
31. Which of the following correctly matches the leader with the movement?
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Arya Samaj
(b) Dayananda Saraswati – Brahmo Samaj
(c) Swami Vivekananda – Ramakrishna Mission
(d) Syed Ahmad Khan – Home Rule League
Ans: (c)
32. Which Act disappointed Congress workers in 1892?
(a) Indian Councils Act
(b) Regulating Act
(c) Pitt’s India Act
(d) Charter Act
Ans: (a)
33. Who among the following was NOT an extremist leader?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Ans: (d)
34. Which of the following was a major contribution of newspapers?
(a) Military training
(b) Economic reforms
(c) Spread of nationalist ideas
(d) Industrialization
Ans: (c)
35. Which institution later became Aligarh Muslim University?
(a) Hindu College
(b) Presidency College
(c) Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
(d) Central Hindu School
Ans: (c)
36. Who among the following was associated with “Young Bengal Movement”?
(a) Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Ans: (a)
37. Which session of Congress led to its split?
(a) Bombay Session
(b) Calcutta Session
(c) Surat Session
(d) Madras Session
Ans: (c)
38. Which reform movement emphasized monotheism?
(a) Arya Samaj
(b) Brahmo Samaj
c) Prarthana Samaj
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d)
39. What was the primary aim of the Aligarh Movement?
(a) Religious reform
(b) Political revolution
(c) Spread of modern education among Muslims
(d) Industrial development
Ans: (c)
40. Which factor most directly helped in spreading ideas across regions?
(a) Religion
(b) Transport and communication
(c) Agriculture
(d) Trade guilds
Ans: (b)
