Session 2: Manures and Fertilisers
Unit 4: Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops
Textual Question-Answers
Check Your Progress
Fill in the Blanks
1. The …………… can be applied at any stage of crop growth.
Ans: fertilisers
2. For applying fertilisers into the soil before or at the time…………… of planting, method is used.
Ans: basal application
3. Urea is highly suitable for …………… application because of itshigh solubility, ease and quick absorption.
Ans: foliar
4. FYM contains …………… % N, …………… % P2O5, and…………… % K2O.
Ans: 0.5, 0.2, 0.5
5. For root dipping, …………… % Zinc sulphate solution is used.
Ans: 0.5
6. The …………… leguminous crop fixes nitrogen symbioticallywith ……………
Ans: Rhizobium bacteria
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which is a non-edible oil cake?
(a) Groundnut cake
(b) Cotton seed cake
(c) Neem cake
(d) Linseed cake
Ans: (c) Neem cake
2. Which of the following is a compound fertiliser?
(a) Calcium ammonium nitrate
(b) Double super phosphate
(c) Nitro phosphate with potash
(d) Diammonium phosphate
Ans: (d) Diammonium phosphate
3. Identify the crop which is used as whole for green manuring.
(a) Glyricidia
(b) Sesbania
(c) Dhaincha
(d) Karanja
Ans: (c) Dhaincha
4. Organic manures should be best applied……………
(a) 15–20 days before transplanting
(b) at the time of transplanting
(c) 15–20 days after transplanting
(d) all of the above
Ans: (a) 15–20 days before transplanting
5. Recommended NPK dose per hectare for tomato is……………
(a) 100–200; 60–80; 50–100
(b) 50–100; 100–150; 60–80
(c) 60–80; 100–200; 50–100
(d) 70; 90; 100–200
Ans: (a) 100–200; 60–80; 50–100
6. Vermicompost is applied in vegetables at the rate of……………
(a) 2–3 tonnes/ha
(b) 5–6 tonnes/ha
(c) 10–12 tonnes/ha
(d) 20–22 tonnes/ha
Ans: (b) 5–6 tonnes/ha
7. Manures are organic nutrients in complex form derivedfrom……………
(a) Animals
(b) humans
(c) plant residues
(d) all of the above
Ans: (d) all of the above
8. Which of the following is a bulky manure?
(a) FYM
(b) Compost
(c) Green manure
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
Descriptive Questions
1. Write down the advantages of organic manure.
Ans: Organic manures improve soil structure, increase water-holdingcapacity, and enhance microbial activity in the soil. They supply nutrientsslowly, improve soil fertility in the long run, reduce soil erosion, and areenvironmentally friendly.
2. Write a brief note on vermicompost and its application.
Ans: Vermicompost is an organic manure produced by the decompositionof organic waste through earthworms. It is rich in nutrients, beneficial microorganisms, and plant growth promoters. Vermicompost is applied tovegetable crops by mixing it with soil at the time of field preparation or aroundthe root zone of plants.
3. What is a green manure crop? What are its advantages anddisadvantages?
Ans: A green manure crop is grown and incorporated into the soil whilestill green to improve soil fertility.
Advantages are improvement of soil structure, addition of organic matter, and nitrogen enrichment.
Disadvantages include additional cost, time requirement, and temporaryoccupation of the field.
4. What are the different methods for the application of fertilisersin vegetable crops?
Ans: The methods include basal application, top dressing, foliarapplication, fertigation, and root dipping. These methods help in efficient nutrient use and better crop growth.
Match the Columns
Column A
1. Basic nutrients
2. Ca, Mg, S
3. Hollow heart of legumes
4. Tuberisation
5. Bulky organic manures
6. Vermicasting
7. Chemical fertilisers
8. Split application
Column B
(a) Secondary nutrients
(b) Urea, DAP and MOP
(c) Faecal matter of earthworms
(d) Nitrogenous fertilisers
(e) Boron
(f) FYM and Compost
(g) Potassium
(h) C, H, O
Ans:
1. Basic nutrients – (h) C, H, O
2. Ca, Mg, S – (a) Secondary nutrients
3. Hollow heart of legumes – (e) Boron
4. Tuberisation – (g) Potassium
5. Bulky organic manures – (f) FYM and Compost
6. Vermicasting – (c) Faecal matter of earthworms
7. Chemical fertilisers – (b) Urea, DAP and MOP
8. Split application – (d) Nitrogenous fertilisers
