Session 2: Branches of Horticulture and Special Horticultural Operations
Unit 1: Introduction to Horticulture
Textual Question-Answers
Check Your Progress
Fill in the Blanks
1. Based on the life span, onion is a ……………… crop.
Ans: biennial
2. The edible part of cauliflower is known as ………………
Ans: curd
3. Plants having a life span of one year or one season are called………………
Ans: annuals
4. In India, Rabi season starts from ………………
Ans: October
5. Watermelon is a ……………… season crop.
Ans: summer
Multiple Choice Questions
1. ……………… is a crop that belongs to cucurbits.
(a) Chilli
(b) Cucumber
(c) Drumstick
(d) Asparagus
Ans: (b) Cucumber
2. Cabbage grows well in ………………
(a) winter
(b) summer
(c) rainy
(d) all through the year
Ans: (a) winter
3. We consume ……………… part of radish.
(a) rhizome
(b) bulb
(c) tuber
(d) taproot
Ans: (d) taproot
4. Drumstick is an example of ……………… vegetable.
(a) annual
(b) biennial
(c) perennial
(d) none of the above
Ans: (c) perennial
5. The Latin word olerus means ………………
(a) fruit
(b) vegetable
(c) flowers
(d) root
Ans: (b) vegetable
6. The removal of succulent terminal shoots from a plant is called………………
(a) bending
(b) notching
(c) pinching
(d) bahar treatment
Ans: (c) pinching
Descriptive Questions
1. What are the different branches of horticulture?
Ans: The different branches of horticulture are pomology, olericulture, floriculture, plantation crops, spices confirm medicinal and aromatic plants, and landscape gardening.
2. Classify vegetable crops based on the plant part used as a vegetable.
Ans: Vegetable crops are classified as leaf vegetables, stem vegetables, root vegetables, tuber vegetables, bulb vegetables, flower vegetables, fruit vegetables, seed vegetables and pod vegetables based on the plant part used.
3. Distinguish between fruit and vegetable.
Ans: Fruits are developed from flowers and usually contain seeds, whilevegetables are edible parts of plants such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers orimmature fruits. Fruits are generally sweet, whereas vegetables are usuallyless sweet or non-sweet.
4. Describe Kharif and Rabi vegetables.
Ans: Kharif vegetables are grown during the rainy season from June toOctober, such as okra and gourds. Rabi vegetables are grown during winterfrom October to March, such as cabbage, cauliflower and peas.
5. With examples, name the underground part of plants used asvegetable.
Ans: Underground parts used as vegetables include roots like carrot andradish, tubers like potato, bulbs like onion and rhizomes like ginger.
6. What is training? What are different systems of training?
Ans: Training is the practice of directing the growth of plants to give thema desired shape and support. Different systems of training include staking, trellis system, bower system and espalier system.
7. What do you mean by pruning? Explain the different types ofpruning.
Ans: Pruning is the removal of unwanted or excess plant parts to improvegrowth and yield. The different types of pruning are light pruning, heavypruning, shoot pruning and root pruning.
8. Explain the following:
(a) Bending:
Ans: Bending is the practice of bending branches downward to reducevegetative growth and promote flowering and fruiting.
(b) Notching:
Ans: Notching is the removal of a small portion of bark above or below abud to control its growth.
(c) Pinching:
Ans: Pinching is the removal of tender terminal shoots to encouragebranching and bushy growth.
Match the Columns
Plant parts
1. Stem and leaves
2. Curd
3. Ripened fruits
4. Tender fruits
5. Seeds
6. Immature pods
Vegetables
(a) Cowpeas, French beans
(b) Peas
(c) Gourds
(d) Tomato, melons
(e) Cauliflower
(f) Leafy vegetables
Ans:
1. (f) Leafy vegetables
2. (e) Cauliflower
3. (d) Tomato, melons
4. (c) Gourds
5. (b) Peas
6. (a) Cowpeas, French beans
