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Class 11 Education Chapter 3 School and Its Organization
Selected Questions & Answers
A. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 1)
1. What is the IQ range of very highly intelligent students?
Ans: 120–140.
2. Who said, “The future of a nation is built in the classroom”?
Ans: T. Raymont said it.
3. What is the IQ range of gifted students?
Ans: Above 140.
4. What is the IQ range of highly intelligent students?
Ans: 110–120.
5. What should be the shape of a classroom?
Ans: It should be square in shape.
6. Write the names of three human resources of a school institution.
Ans: Teachers, students and staff.
7. Write the names of three material resources of a school institution.
Ans: Land, school building and classroom.
8. What is the person in charge of a library called?
Ans: Librarian.
9. Write the names of any two instruments required in a scientific laboratory.
Ans: Test tube and burner.
10. What is the full form of UGC?
Ans: University Grants Commission.
11. What is the first page of a website called?
Ans: Home Page.
12. In which year was UGC established?
Ans: 1956.
13. What is the full form of NCERT?
Ans: National Council of Educational Research and Training.
14. What is the full form of SCERT?
Ans: State Council of Educational Research and Training.
15. What is the full form of DIET?
Ans: District Institute of Education and Training.
16. What is the full form of CD-ROM?
Ans: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory.
17. From which language has the word ‘School’ come?
Ans: From the Greek word ‘Skhole’. Its meaning is leisure or rest.
18. From which language has the word “Curriculum” come?
Ans: From the Latin word ‘Currere’.
19. Determine True or False:
(a) The office of NCTE is in New Delhi.
Ans: True.
(b) UGC is related to secondary education.
Ans: False.
(c) The postal system is more convenient than e-mail.
Ans: False.
(d) Distance education is very expensive and inflexible.
Ans: False.
(e) The meaning of the word ‘Kindergarten’ is children’s garden.
Ans: True.
(f) Education provided from a distance is called distance education.
Ans: True.
B. Short Questions and Answers: (Marks for each – 2/3)
1. Mention any two aspects to be kept in mind while constructing a classroom.
Ans: Two aspects to be kept in mind while constructing a classroom are:
(a) The classroom should be spacious and scientifically designed.
(b) Classrooms should be constructed in such a way that the sound from one classroom does not disturb the students of another classroom.
2. Mention three characteristics of an ideal library.
Ans: The three characteristics of an ideal library are:
(a) The books in the library should have a systematic catalogue.
(b) There should be a librarian.
(c) The library should be constructed scientifically.
3. Mention four challenges faced by teachers in the new situation.
Ans: The four challenges faced by teachers in the new situation are:
(a) Identifying and developing the latent talents of students.
(b) Developing values.
(c) Awakening patriotism and nationalism.
(d) Maintaining national unity and integration.
4. Mention any four physical co-curricular activities.
Ans: Four physical co-curricular activities are: (a) Exercise, (b) Meditation,
(c) Games and sports, and (d) Yoga.
5. Write the names of three co-curricular activities.
Ans: The names of three co-curricular activities are: debate, drama, and music.
6. Write the names of five emotional co-curricular activities.
Ans: The five emotional co-curricular activities are: (a) Drawing pictures,
(b) Acting in drama, (c) Singing, (d) Dancing, and (e) Playing musical instruments.
C. Medium Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 4)
1. Mention five characteristics of a computer.
Ans: The five characteristics of a computer are:
(a) A computer can perform tasks at a very high speed.
(b) A computer can work continuously at the same speed.
(c) A computer can store a large amount of information in its memory.
(d) If the data entered through input devices are correct, the computer does not make mistakes.
(e) Even if a task has to be repeated many times, the computer needs to be instructed only once.
2. Mention five educational advantages or values of a computer.
Ans: A computer is a wonderful invention of modern science. It performs many tasks of our daily life. It also has special educational value, such as:
(a) In vocational education, this machine can increase individuality, flexibility and efficiency.
(b) It helps in preparing new educational plans and programmes based on previously stored data.
(c) With the help of pictures, diagrams, charts and cartoons, it helps in acquiring necessary knowledge about events.
(d) Textbooks, booklets, advertisements, notices and any documents can be prepared quickly with the help of a computer.
(e) It helps in studying mathematics more quickly and accurately.
3. Mention five limitations of computers in education.
Ans: Although computers are very fast machines and perform many functions in our daily life, they have certain limitations. For example:
(a) Computers are very expensive.
(b) Many schools do not have adequate computers and related facilities.
(c) Because the computer screen is small, all students in the classroom cannot easily see and understand the displayed information.
(d) There is a shortage of skilled teachers to operate computers.
(e) Sometimes computer viruses cause computers to malfunction.
4. Who invented the computer? What are its main components?
Ans: The computer was invented by Charles Babbage, an English scientist, although many other scientists contributed to its development. The main components of a computer are:
(a) Input devices.
(b) Output devices.
(c) Arithmetic unit.
(d) Memory unit.
(e) Control unit.
(f) Monitor.
(g) Mouse.
(h) Printer.
Note: In standard computer architecture, the Arithmetic Unit, Memory Unit, and Control Unit together form the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
5. What is the Internet? Prepare a short note on the Internet.
Ans: The Internet is a modern communication system created by advanced technology. It is a network of many networks. The connection among numerous computers in the world is called a network. When many such networks are connected together, the Internet system is formed. It was first developed in 1969 by the United States Department of Defense as ARPANET.
The necessary components to connect to the Internet are: a computer, communication software, a telephone line and a modem. Through the Internet various types of information can be exchanged, such as:
(a) Reading newspapers of the world.
(b) Collecting research information.
(c) Sending electronic mail.
(d) Obtaining business information.
(e) Entertainment and games.
6. Mention five advantages of the Internet.
Ans: The five advantages of using the Internet are:
(a) News from around the world can be read.
(b) Music can be listened to.
(c) Games can be played.
(d) Advertisements can be broadcast.
(e) Information can be transmitted to any place in the world.
7. What is meant by a ‘Website’? Write a short note on it.
Ans: World Wide Web is often related to websites. A website is a collection of web pages available on the Internet following a specific set of protocols. Various subjects are interconnected within a website. Through the web, different types of information can be searched.
The web uses Hypertext and a special protocol called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Information transmitted using this protocol is called HTTP communication. Each website usually begins with ‘www’. Web pages are accessed from a web server through a browser and help in downloading information. Every website has a home page which the user sees first. Each web page has its own web address called Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
8. What is CD-ROM? Mention four characteristics of it.
Ans: The full form of CD-ROM is Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. It is a system used to store a large amount of data. Various types of information can be stored on a CD at a very low cost. It can store text, images, videos, and many other kinds of information.
The main characteristics of CD-ROM are:
(a) It can store information.
(b) The stored data can remain intact for a long time.
(c) It is inexpensive and easily available.
(d) The stored data cannot be erased or modified.
9. What is teleconferencing?
Ans: Teleconferencing refers to a system through which people located in different places of the world can hold meetings while sitting at their own locations using modern Internet technology. This system has become popular all over the world. By using this facility, two or more persons located far away can discuss matters with each other.
Teleconferencing is generally of three types: (a) Audio conferencing, (b)Video conferencing, and (c) Computer conferencing. At present, such teleconferencing systems are used to some extent in education.
10. What is e-mail? Mention its advantages.
Ans: The full form of e-mail is Electronic Mail. The necessary components for e-mail are: a computer, telephone line, Internet Service Provider, Internet software, sender and receiver of the message. Both the sender and receiver must have an address obtained through the Internet. Such an address is called an e-mail ID. The message to be sent is first typed on the keyboard of the computer and then sent to the address of the receiver.
The advantages of e-mail are:
(a) Messages or information can be sent to any place in the world within a few seconds.
(b) It is very inexpensive.
(c) It maintains privacy between the sender and the receiver.
11. What is meant by hardware and software? Write briefly.
Ans: The parts of a computer that can be seen and touched physically are called hardware. For example: CPU, printer, disk drive, mouse, monitor etc. On the other hand, the instructions given to a computer to solve a problem or perform a task are called programs. Software refers to all types of programs used in a computer. Software is stored in floppy disks, disks, tapes, cassettes, and ROM. With the help of software we can perform different kinds of tasks. The main types of software are: operating system, utility programs, application software packages and language processors.
12. Write the names of advisory bodies of education.
Ans: The advisory bodies of education are:
(a) National Council of Educational Research and Training.
(b) National Council for Teacher Education.
(c) State Council of Educational Research and Training.
(d) University Grants Commission.
(e) UNESCO.
13. Mention five objectives of co-curricular activities.
Ans: Activities having important educational significance for life such as games, music, drama, debate, speech, literary activities, arts and social service, are called co-curricular activities.
The objectives of including co-curricular activities in education are:
(a) To develop the latent qualities of students.
(b) To develop qualities such as self-confidence, tolerance and responsibility among students.
(c) To ensure the proper use of students’ leisure time.
(d) To promote both physical and mental development.
(e) To cultivate democratic values.
14. Mention any five functions of the University Grants Commission.
Ans: Five functions of the University Grants Commission are:
(a) To study the financial conditions of universities and provide grants as required.
(b) To prepare annual budgets.
(c) To provide suggestions for improving academic standards.
(d) To promote the development of scientific education, research, and technology.
(e) To suggest measures for improving the environment of universities.
15. What role can a teacher play as a motivator?
Ans: A teacher can play the role of a motivator in the classroom in the following ways:
(a) The teacher should use audio-visual aids related to the lesson to motivate students.
(b) Teaching should proceed from simple topics to complex ones.
(c) When subjects are explained with examples, students understand quickly, and their attention increases.
(d) Healthy competition among students can motivate them.
(e) Sometimes humorous talks or stories may be introduced.
16. Mention the functions of DIET.
Ans: The functions of District Institute of Education and Training are as follows:
(a) DIET arranges training for primary teachers both before and during service.
(b) It provides training for instructors and supervisors of non-formal and adult education.
(c) It provides assistance to centres working for primary education, adult education and non-formal education.
(d) It prepares plans for field-based research to solve problems faced by districts in primary and adult education.
D. Essay Type Questions and Answers: (Marks for each – 5/6)
1. Discuss the importance of curriculum in the education system.
Ans: In the modern perspective, curriculum includes not only the subjects taught in educational institutions but also all educational activities related to the classroom, playground, library, stage, laboratory and others. The importance of curriculum in schools is discussed below:
(a) Curriculum is essential for developing students’ language skills and maintaining communication.
(b) Curriculum helps students develop their own ideas and discover new theoretical aspects.
(c) Textbooks create awareness among students about democratic outlook, social values and moral principles which influence national life.
(d) Through curriculum the goals and plans of education can be successfully implemented.
(e) Curriculum acts as the main link between students and teachers.
(f) Through textbooks, students can acquire knowledge about the past, present and future.
(g) Curriculum helps in the proper evaluation of educational success and failure.
(h) Textbooks play an effective role in providing systematic and scientific education.
2. Mention the defects or shortcomings of the traditional curriculum.
Ans: In the modern perspective, curriculum includes not only the subjects taught in educational institutions but also classroom, playground, library, stage, and laboratory activities.
However, the traditional curriculum has several defects or shortcomings. These are:
(a) Bookish and theoretical: The traditional curriculum emphasizes mainly bookish and theoretical knowledge. As a result, the overall development of students’ personality does not take place.
(b) Narrow outlook: The traditional curriculum fails to provide knowledge according to the needs of students. Since textbooks are often designed mainly for passing examinations, practical knowledge is generally absent.
(c) Overloading of subjects: One major defect of the traditional curriculum is the excessive number of subjects. Students are required to learn more content than they can manage in a given academic year, which creates difficulty and reduces their interest in learning. As a result, the pass rate becomes low.
(d) Absence of technical and vocational subjects: Another shortcoming is that the traditional curriculum mainly includes theoretical aspects of subjects. There is little emphasis on technical education. As a result, it fails to produce efficient citizens and often leads to educated unemployment due to the absence of vocational education.
(e) Neglect of individual interests: The traditional curriculum ignores the individual interests, abilities and needs of students. Often students have to study subjects that are against their interests, which prevents them from achieving desired success.
(f) Emphasis on memorization: The traditional curriculum emphasizes memorizing lessons rather than developing understanding, knowledge, and attitudes. As a result, the intellectual development of students is hindered.
3. Mention five principles of curriculum construction.
Ans: Curriculum construction is a complex task. It requires coordination of psychological aspects according to the age of students as well as social, political, economic and cultural aspects of the country. The five principles of curriculum construction are:
(a) Child-centered principle: According to this principle, the curriculum should be prepared in a way that fulfils the mental capacity, interests, tastes, and needs of children. No subject should be included that is beyond the mental ability and interest of the learner.
(b) Society-centered principle: The content of the curriculum should always be related to society. Since human beings are social beings, the curriculum should provide the knowledge and experiences necessary for livingin society.
(c) Principle of integration: The curriculum should include topics that promote unity among students belonging to different races, groups, languages, and religions.
(d) Principle of conservation: Every nation has its own traditions, culture, and heritage. The curriculum should include cultural and heritage-related topics so that these traditions can be preserved from one generation to another.
(e) Principle of utility: This principle supports the inclusion of technical and practical subjects in the curriculum. Such inclusion makes education practical and useful.
4. What is curriculum? Write briefly about its different types.
Ans: In the modern perspective, curriculum includes not only the subjects taught in educational institutions but also classroom activities, playground activities, library work, stage activities and laboratory work. The different types of curriculum are:
(a) Subject-centered curriculum: A curriculum prepared on the basis of subjects such as literature, history, mathematics and science is called a subject-centered curriculum. Emphasis is given to teaching subject matter.
(b) Work-centered curriculum: A curriculum that emphasizes work education is called work-centered curriculum. Through this curriculum, students receive technical education and become capable of earning a livelihood.
(c) Integrated curriculum: In this type of curriculum different subjects are integrated into a unified form of teaching. It establishes coordination between intellectual activities and real-life activities.
(d) Activity-centered curriculum: A curriculum in which learning takes place through activities or practical work is called activity-centered curriculum. Educationists like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori and John Dewey supported activity-based education at the primary level.
(e) Experience-centered curriculum: In this type of curriculum, learning is based on different experiences of students. It helps learners understand the close relationship between knowledge and real-life situations.
5. What are co-curricular activities? Write briefly about their advantages.
Ans: Activities having educational significance in life such as games, music, drama, debate, speech, literary activities, arts and social service, are called cocurricular activities. Co-curricular activities may be of different types such as:
(a) Games, physical exercise and community work.
(b) Intellectual activities such as literary work, speeches and debates.
(c) Cultural activities such as music, acting and dance. The advantages of co-curricular activities are:
(a) Physical development: Through games and exercises included in cocurricular activities, physical fitness improves and mental fatigue is reduced.
(b) Social development: These activities help in forming good habits and developing social awareness, friendship, brotherhood and cooperation.
(c) Discipline: Students learn discipline, obedience to rules and respect for social norms through these activities.
(d) Development of personality: Co-curricular activities help maintain balance between body and mind and contribute to overall personality development.
(e) Emotional development: They maintain emotional balance and increase students’ interest in various subjects.
(f) Practical knowledge: These activities help students understand the complexities, joys and sorrows of real life.
6. Mention five qualities of an ideal teacher.
Ans: The personality of a teacher greatly influences students. Therefore, a teacher should possess several qualities to become an ideal teacher. These are:
(a) Educational qualification: A teacher should have deep knowledge ofthe subjects in textbooks in order to impart knowledge effectively. Besides textbook knowledge, practical social knowledge is also necessary.
(b) Patience and tolerance: During teaching and guiding students, teachers often face various problems. Therefore, a teacher should be patient and sympathetic towards students.
(c) Good health: A healthy mind resides in a healthy body. A teacher must maintain good physical and mental health to teach effectively. An unhealthy teacher cannot properly perform his duties.
(d) Character and personality: An ideal teacher should be a person of good character and exemplary personality. His behaviour, thoughts and actions should be honest and influential.
(e) Eloquence: Another important quality of an ideal teacher is eloquence. His voice should be pleasant, clear and direct so that his speech can easily attract the attention of students.
7. What is value education?
Ans: From an educational point of view, actions and behaviours that are necessary, beneficial and welfare-oriented for education are called value education. The main sources of value education are religion, philosophy, social customs, literature and games. Three strategies can be applied for imparting value education: formal strategy, informal strategy and non-formal strategy. In schools, value education can be provided in several ways, such as:
(a) Through morning assembly: Collective prayer before starting academic activities helps build strong value-based attitudes among students.
(b) Secular education: To develop values among students, the ideal of secularism should be taught. Instead of focusing on a single religion, the teachings of all religions should be included in textbooks.
(c) Teaching human virtues: To make value education effective, students should learn virtues such as kindness, love, respect and tolerance. Biographies of great personalities should be included in textbooks for this purpose.
(d) Co-curricular activities: Value education can also be imparted through co-curricular activities such as games and cultural competitions which develop cooperation and team spirit among students.
(e) Social service programmes: Encouraging students to clean school surroundings and drains, plant trees, organize festivals and help illiterate people become literate also promotes value education.
