Unit 5: Post Harvest Management and Value Addition
Textual Question-Answers
Check Your Progress
A. Fill in the Blanks
1. Flowers are highly …………. in nature.
Ans: perishable
2. Post-harvest losses of flowers range between ………… in India.
Ans: 30–40 percent
3. Flowers are harvested during the ……………… hours of the day.
Ans: morning
4. Hardening is achieved by treating the flowers with …………………..
Ans: chemical solutions
5. Pre-cooling slows down the ……………….. rate.
Ans: respiration
6. A short-term high-concentration treatment given to cut flowersunder light is ……………
Ans: pulsing
7. The main ingredient of pulsing solution is ………….
Ans: sugar
8. Categorising of flowers according to a well-defined international quality standard, which determines the price is ………….
Ans: grading
9. Loose flowers are held together artistically with the help of threads;this is called …………………………
Ans: veni making
10. A product prepared from the rose petals is ………………..
Ans: gulkand
B. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Proper harvesting stage of loose rose is …..
(a) tight bud
(b) slightly loose
(c) half open
(d) fully open
Ans: (d)
2. The proper harvesting stage of marigolds is …
(a) slightly loose
(b) fully open
(c) half open
(d) tight bud
Ans: (b)
3. Which of the following is less sensitive to chilling injury?(a) Rose
(b) Jasmine
(c) Gaillardia
(d) Marigold
Ans: (d)
4. Conditioning solution consists of ……………….. pH.
(a) 3.5 to 3.0
(b) 3.5 to 4.5
(c) 5.5 to 6.5
(d) 6.5 to 7.5
Ans: (b)
5. Full form of ppm is …
(a) parts per milligram
(b) parts per milliliter
(c) parts per million
(d) pulse per million
Ans: (c)
C. Subjective Questions
1. Write about the post-harvest management of flowers.
Ans: Post-harvest management includes harvesting at proper stage, precooling, grading, pulsing, packaging, storage, transportation and marketingto maintain flower quality and vase life.
2. What is pre-cooling of flowers?
Ans: Pre-cooling is the rapid removal of field heat from harvested flowersto slow respiration and extend shelf life.
3. How is the pulsing solution prepared?
Ans: Pulsing solution is prepared by dissolving sugar along withgermicides and growth regulators in water and treating cut flowers for a short duration.
4. What is grading?
Ans: Grading is the process of sorting flowers based on size, colour, stemlength and quality as per market standards.
5. Write about the bud opening solution of flowers.
Ans: Bud opening solution contains sugar, growth regulators andgermicides which help immature buds to open properly after harvest.
6. Write about flower arrangement.
Ans: Flower arrangement is the art of arranging flowers, foliage andaccessories in an attractive manner for decoration and aesthetic purpose.
7. Describe the value added products of flowers.
Ans: Value added products include garlands, venis, bouquets, floral baskets, essential oils, perfumes, gulkand, rose water and dry flowers.
D. Match the Columns
Ans:
1. Packing of cut flowers — (d) CFB
2. Cool chain — (c) Flowers kept under optimal temperature
3. Gladiolus — (b) 6–9 days storage
4. Veni — (a) Decorate hair
