Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Globalisation
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Selected Questions-Answers
1. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks – 1 each)
(a) What do you understand by ‘Globalisation’ or ‘Globalisation’?
Ans: ‘Globalisation’ or ‘Globalisation’ refers to the interconnection andworldwide linkages that create social, economic and other forms ofinterdependence among the people of different nations and regions.
(b) “Technology is one of the important factors in globalisation.”Write whether the statement is true or false.
Ans: True.
(c) Mention one positive aspect of globalisation.
Ans: Easy exchange of ideas.
(d) What is meant by economic globalisation?
Ans: Economic globalisation refers to the exchange of economic resourcessuch as capital, technical skills, goods and materials from one region of theworld to another.
(e) When was the New Economic Policy adopted in India?
Ans: In 1991.
(f) One form of cultural integration is ————–. (Fill in the blank.)
Ans: Globalisation.
(g) When did India start economic reforms? H.S. ’18
Ans: In 1991.
(h) Mention one positive outcome of globalisation for the state.
Ans: By using technology, the state can provide various information andservices to citizens.
(i) What is the World Social Forum?
Ans: The World Social Forum is a platform where human rights activists, labour groups, youth communities and women activists come together tooppose neo-liberal globalisation.
(j) Technology is one of the most important factors of globalisation. (Write yes or no) H.S. ’18
Ans: Yes.
(k) In which field is globalisation not beneficial?
Ans: In the social and cultural fields.
(l) When and where was the first meeting of the World Social Forumheld?
Ans: In Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 2001.
(m) Mention one feature of globalisation.
Ans: Free market economy.
(n) What is ‘Protectionism’?
Ans: ‘Protectionism’ refers to the efforts made by nationalist leaders ofdifferent countries to protect national traditions and interests from the impact of globalisation.
(o) When did the process of globalisation begin?
Ans: In 1990.
2. Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks – 2 each)
(a) Write the names of two organisations associated with economicglobalisation. H.S. ’16
Ans: (1) World Trade Organization and (2) International Monetary Fund.
(b) Mention two causes of globalisation. H.S. ’18
Ans: First, the invention of advanced technology has greatly improvedtransport and communication, which is a major cause of globalisation.
Second, the accelerated flow of capital, goods and people from one countryto another is another important cause of globalisation.
(c) What is meant by cultural diversity?
Ans: Cultural diversity refers to the opportunity for each group to preserveits distinct culture while enriching it through interaction with others.
(d) Is the impact of globalisation the same everywhere?
Ans: No, the impact of globalisation is not the same everywhere. Althoughgovernments across the world may adopt similar economic policies underglobalisation, the outcomes differ in different regions.
(e) What are the main dimensions of globalisation?
Ans: The three main dimensions of globalisation are economic, political and cultural.
3. Medium Length Answer Type Questions: (Marks – 4 each)
(a) Write four consequences of globalisation.
Ans: The four consequences of globalisation are:
(1) Due to innovations in information technology, countries can freelyexchange ideas through computers and the internet.
(2) Visa policies have ensured communication among nations at theinternational level.
(3) Globalisation has reduced restrictions on the movement of capital between countries.
(4) Institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund andWorld Health Organization have been able to expand their influence globally, leading to progressive development in many parts of the world.
(b) Briefly write about the economic significance or consequencesof globalisation. H.S. ’18
Ans: The economic significance of globalisation is considerable:
(1) It has increased the rate of economic growth in many countries, andunderdeveloped nations are moving towards developing status.
(2) Goods can be transported easily from one place to another, helping toreduce shortages.
(3) Globalisation has promoted specialisation in production, therebyincreasing global output.
(4) It has increased competition in the economic sphere, making goodsmore affordable.
(c) Discuss the impact of globalisation in India.
Ans: Globalisation has had significant economic, social and political impacts in India:
(1) India has relaxed licensing requirements for imported goods.
(2) Industrial licensing has been almost completely abolished.
(3) Private sector banks as well as jointly operated foreign banks havebeen permitted to expand their financial operations.
(4) Under the influence of the World Trade Organization, trade tariffs onvarious goods have been reduced or removed.
(d) Give two arguments in favour of and two against globalisation. H.S. ’15, ’20
Ans: Two arguments in favour of globalisation are:
(1) Permission has been granted to private sector banks and jointly operatedforeign banks to expand their financial activities.
(2) Trade tariffs on various goods have been reduced under the influenceof the World Trade Organization.
Two arguments against globalisation are:
(1) India has significantly relaxed licensing requirements for importedgoods.
(2) Industrial licensing has been almost entirely removed.
(e) Write the names of two organisations associated with the processof globalisation. H.S. ’15
Ans: (1) World Bank and (2) International Monetary Fund.
4. Essay Type Questions: (Marks – 6 each
(a) Discuss the political consequences of globalisation. H.S. ’16
Ans: The political consequences of globalisation can be discussed asfollows.
First, as a result of globalisation, governments have focused more onmaintaining law and order, national security, defence and the protection ofcitizens.
Second, market-based principles have gained importance in the socioeconomic sphere of the state.
Third, multinational corporations have gained prominence. Thesecorporations are able to influence government policies directly and indirectly.
Their entry and expanding role often affect governmental decision-making, and sometimes states are seen to struggle in taking independent decisions.
Fourth, globalisation has increased competition among nations, not onlyin trade and business but also in political influence, especially amongdeveloped countries.
Fifth, globalisation has increased the political power of some states, whileothers have been exploited by more powerful nations.
(b) Discuss the cultural consequences of globalisation. H.S. ’19
Ans: The cultural consequences of globalisation are as follows:
(1) There has been increased cultural exchange among different communities of the world, leading to rapid transformation in the cultural sphere. Western culture, in particular, has influenced much of the world.
(2) People now choose to adopt or reject cultural elements according totheir preferences, creating a sense of understanding and unity across the globe.
(3) Communication across the world has become extremely fast, enablingeasier exchange of ideas and emotions.
(4) Western advanced culture has gained wide popularity in the ThirdWorld, creating challenges for indigenous cultures.
(5) Opportunities for cultural exchange have improved the standard ofliving of people in many societies.
