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Class 11 Education Chapter 4 (b) Psychology and the Importance of Its Study
Selected Questions & Answers
A. Very Short Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 1)
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Educational psychology cannot determine the ______ of education.
Ans: Aim.
(b) Besides knowing the subject matter of teaching, a teacher shouldalso know ______.
Ans: The student.
(c) ______ helps the teacher to understand the nature of the child.
Ans: Psychology.
(d) Psychology studies ______.
Ans: Behaviour.
(e) The English word Psychology has come from two Greek words ______ and logos.
Ans: psyche.
(f) The first person to apply the principles of psychology in educationwas ______.
Ans: Pestalozzi.
(g) Modern education is ______.
Ans: Child-centred.
2. Find out the correct part of the following sentences:
(a) Psychology is called the science of mind / the science of consciousness/the science of behaviour.
Ans: The science of behaviour.
(b) Psychology is an empirical science/a normative science/aspeculative science.
Ans: An empirical science.
(c) The aim of education is determined by philosophy/psychology/history.
Ans: Philosophy.
(d) The study of educational psychology is more necessary for students/teachers/parents.
Ans: Teachers.
(e) The father of educational psychology is Rousseau / Montessori /Pestalozzi.
Ans: Pestalozzi.
B. Short Questions and Answers: (Marks for each – 2/3)
1. Mention three potential areas of study in educational psychology.
Ans: Three potential areas of study in educational psychology are:
(a) Different rates of personality development.
(b) Individual differences.
(c) Social psychology.
2. Write the names of three methods of educational psychology.
Ans: Among the many methods of educational psychology, three are:
(a) Observation method.
(b) Introspection method.
(c) Clinical method.
C. Medium Answer Type Questions: (Marks for each – 4)
1. Mention three ways in which the study of educational psychology helps a teacher.
Ans: Three ways in which the study of educational psychology helps a teacher are:
(a) The study of educational psychology helps a teacher to adopt a scientific outlook.
(b) Educational psychology helps in studying the behaviour of students in the classroom.
(c) Educational psychology helps in identifying students who require remedial teaching.
2. Briefly explain the observation method.
Ans: In the field of child education, the observation method is very effective. Through this method, the attitudes, behaviour, speech, and other activities of a child or an individual are carefully observed. In other methods such as the introspection method, the inner state of the mind cannot be known accurately. Therefore, the observation method is considered the real method of psychology.
3. Mention the objectives of educational psychology.
Ans: Educational psychology is a branch of psychology which is related to the methods of teaching, conditions, outcomes, and evaluation in schools. The main objectives of educational psychology are:
(a) Educational psychology helps in determining standards of desirable behaviour by establishing a connection between definitions and the objectives of education.
(b) Educational psychology encourages the study of the behaviour, ideas, and nature of students.
(c) Another objective of educational psychology is to provide knowledge about the nature and importance of social relationships.
(d) Educational psychology helps in measuring the outcomes of teaching and learning of teachers and students.
D. Essay Type Questions & Answers: (Marks for each – 6)
1. Mention the methods of studying educational psychology and explain any three of them.
Ans: Educational psychology is an important branch of applied psychology. There are several methods for studying it. These are: (a) Introspection method,
(b) Observation method, (c) Clinical method, (d) Case history method, (e)Sociometric method, (f) Training method, (g) Statistical method.
Three of these methods are briefly explained below:
(a) Introspection Method: Among the methods of studying psychology, the introspection method is the oldest and in the past it was a very popular method. The process by which a person examines his or her own feelings, thoughts, imagination, etc. is called the introspection method. According to this method, the experience that a person gains about himself is considered to be similar in the case of all human beings. That is, the feelings or concepts of happiness, sorrow, joy, etc. are assumed to be similar for everyone. Therefore, in order to understand the mental processes or conditions of other individuals, it is necessary to analyse one’s own mind and mental states.
There are several advantages of the introspection method. These are:
(i) Through the introspection method, a person can systematically examine his or her own feelings, thoughts, happiness, sorrow, and other experiences.
(ii) Since human feelings such as happiness and sorrow are generally similar in nature, this method helps in understanding future emotional experiences.
(iii) Through the introspection method, a person can become conscious of his or her own experiences.
(b) Clinical Method: The main objective of the clinical method is to studya particular problem of an individual as the subject matter, identify the problem correctly, and provide suggestions for its solution or treatment. This method is applied to individuals who cannot adjust successfully in society or to students who cannot achieve proper learning in school.
(c) Observation Method: In the field of child education, the observation method is very effective. Through this method, the attitudes, behaviour, speech, and other activities of a child or an individual are carefully observed. In other methods, such as the introspection method, the inner state of the mind cannot be known accurately. Therefore, the observation method is considered the real method of psychology.
2. What is meant by the sociometric method? Mention its advantages and disadvantages.
Ans: The main objective of the sociometric method is to study the social behaviours of individuals. Through this method, the nature of the social relationship between two persons can be determined. This method can also be applied to a group or team. Teachers can apply this method to understand the psycho-social relationships among a group of students. While applying thismethod, the teacher needs to prepare a questionnaire. While preparing the questionnaire, such questions should be included that can reveal the nature ofthe psycho-social relationships between a student and his or her classmates. Advantages of the sociometric method are:
(a) The data obtained through this method can be presented with the help of diagrams, which makes it easier to understand.
(b) Through this method, social relationships can be studied in a simple way.
(c) Through this method, it is possible to know the attitude of other members of society towards a particular individual. There are also some disadvantages of the sociometric method. These are:
(a) Through this method, only one characteristic of an individual or group can be studied.
(b) The data collected through this method are not fully scientific.
(c) Everyone may not answer the questions in the questionnaire accurately.
3. What is meant by the statistical method? Mention its advantages and disadvantages.
Ans: The statistical method refers to the study conducted using statistical techniques to examine various aspects such as individual differences, level of intelligence, personality traits, and abilities of individuals. At present, the statistical method is widely used in educational psychology. This method is considered suitable for various evaluations and analyses in the field of education. Advantages of the statistical method are:
(a) This method is completely scientific.
(b) The information obtained through this method can be expressed with the help of numbers. Disadvantages of the statistical method are:
(a) The statistical method is not easy. It requires persons who are trained in statistics to apply it.
(b) If there is any error in statistical calculation, the result of the examination becomes incorrect, and incorrect results may cause serious harm to students.
